Core Insights - In 2024, China enters the category of low to middle tuberculosis (TB) prevalence countries globally, but still accounts for 7.1% of new multidrug-resistant TB cases worldwide, with 25,000 new cases reported [2][5] Summary by Sections Global TB Situation - The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that TB remains one of the top ten causes of death globally, with over 1.2 million deaths and approximately 10.7 million new cases in 2024 [2] - Despite a decrease in global TB cases in 2024 after three consecutive years of increase, challenges such as funding shortages and unequal access to medical resources threaten progress in combating TB [2][3] China's TB Burden - In 2024, China's estimated new TB cases are 696,000, down from 741,000 in 2023, with a TB incidence rate of 49 per 100,000, marking a 5.8% decrease from the previous year [4] - China ranks fourth globally in TB incidence, accounting for 6.5% of global cases, following India, Indonesia, and the Philippines [3][4] Drug-Resistant TB in China - China is a significant contributor to global multidrug-resistant TB, with an estimated 25,000 new cases in 2024 [5] - The treatment regimen for drug-resistant TB has been lengthy and burdensome, necessitating the development of shorter, more effective treatment options [5] National Strategies and New Treatments - The National Health Commission and other departments have launched a national TB prevention and control plan (2024-2030) focusing on strengthening drug resistance prevention and promoting effective new drugs and treatment regimens [5][6] - A new anti-TB drug, Pretomanid, was approved in China, enabling a six-month oral treatment regimen for drug-resistant TB [6] Preventive Measures - Preventive treatment (TPT) is emphasized as a crucial strategy to reduce the incidence of drug-resistant TB, with ongoing trials for new preventive treatment regimens [7] - The number of pilot programs for TB screening and preventive treatment has significantly increased from 36 in 2022 to 790 in 2024, although challenges remain in acceptance and implementation [8] Future Goals - The national plan aims to reduce TB incidence to 50 per 100,000 by 2025 and further to below 43 per 100,000 by 2030, with a target treatment success rate of at least 90% for TB patients [8]