Core Viewpoint - The article commemorates the life and contributions of renowned physicist Yang Zhenning, highlighting his formative years at Southwest Associated University in Kunming during a tumultuous period in Chinese history, which laid the foundation for his future achievements [1][9]. Group 1: Yang Zhenning's Early Life and Education - Yang Zhenning arrived in Kunming in 1938 and spent eight years there, six of which were at Southwest Associated University, where he expressed gratitude for the institution's role in his success [1][3]. - He was admitted to Southwest Associated University with the second-highest score among 20,000 candidates, initially intending to study chemistry but switched to physics after self-studying a textbook [3][4]. - The university's conditions were challenging, with makeshift classrooms and constant threats from air raids, yet the academic spirit remained strong among students and faculty [4][5]. Group 2: Academic Environment and Influences - The faculty at Southwest Associated University included prominent figures such as Zhu Ziqing and Zhao Zhongyao, who significantly influenced Yang's academic journey [5][6]. - Yang Zhenning's research during his undergraduate and graduate studies focused on symmetry in molecular physics and statistical mechanics, which later became pivotal in his career [5][6]. - The camaraderie among students fostered a vibrant intellectual environment, with discussions often taking place in local tea houses, contributing to their academic growth [6][8]. Group 3: Personal Responsibility and Family Influence - Despite his father's position at the university, Yang Zhenning faced financial difficulties and took on responsibilities to support his family, including teaching English to American soldiers [8][9]. - He implemented a reward system to encourage his siblings' education, demonstrating a commitment to family and education that would characterize his later life [8][9]. Group 4: Legacy and Return to Kunming - Yang Zhenning maintained a deep affection for Kunming, often returning to visit his alma mater and reflecting on the impact of his education there [10][12]. - His experiences at Southwest Associated University instilled a sense of national responsibility, leading him to return to China after years abroad to contribute to the country's scientific development [12][14]. - Yang Zhenning's legacy continues to inspire future generations in the field of science, emphasizing the importance of knowledge and patriotism [14].

Core Points - The article highlights the historical significance of the National Southwest Associated University (NSAU) during the Anti-Japanese War, emphasizing its role in preserving Chinese education and culture amidst national crisis [3][8][18] - It reflects on the legacy of NSAU, which produced numerous influential scholars and contributed significantly to China's higher education history [10][11][18] Group 1: Historical Context - NSAU was established during the Anti-Japanese War to safeguard academic pursuits, with its origins tracing back to the temporary assembly of Peking University, Tsinghua University, and Nankai University [8][10] - The university operated in Kunming from 1938 to 1946, during which it faced severe hardships, including inadequate living conditions and constant threats from enemy bombings [16][18] Group 2: Contributions and Achievements - Over its operational years, NSAU educated more than 8,000 students, including two Nobel laureates and numerous academicians, showcasing its academic excellence [11][12] - The university's alumni played vital roles in various historical periods, contributing to revolutionary, construction, and reform efforts in China [6][11] Group 3: Educational Philosophy - The article underscores the importance of linking education with national destiny and the spirit of patriotism, as emphasized by President Xi Jinping during his visit to the NSAU site [20] - It suggests that challenging environments can foster talent and that the current educational goals should focus on nurturing responsible and ambitious individuals for the future [20]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the historical significance and enduring legacy of the National Southwest Associated University (NSAU) during the Anti-Japanese War, emphasizing its role in preserving Chinese education and culture amidst adversity [3][10][19]. Group 1: Historical Context - Over 80 years ago, during a time of national crisis, NSAU was established to safeguard Chinese academic heritage [3]. - Following the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, several prestigious universities relocated to form NSAU in Kunming, Yunnan [8][19]. - NSAU operated under challenging conditions, with makeshift facilities and limited resources, yet it became a beacon of hope and education [10][17]. Group 2: Contributions and Achievements - During its eight years in Kunming, NSAU educated over 8,000 students, producing two Nobel laureates and over 170 academicians [11][13]. - The university's alumni played significant roles in various historical periods, contributing to revolutionary and reformative efforts in China [6][21]. - Many students from NSAU participated in the war effort, with 834 students commemorated for their sacrifices during the Anti-Japanese War [15][19]. Group 3: Educational Philosophy and Legacy - The spirit of NSAU is characterized by patriotism and resilience, which has become a cornerstone of its educational philosophy [19][21]. - The environment of hardship fostered a strong sense of responsibility and ambition among students, aligning education with national destiny [21]. - The legacy of NSAU serves as a permanent monument in the history of Chinese higher education, symbolizing the triumph of spirit over adversity [19][21].