肥胖世界ObesityWorld . 《肥胖世界》Obesity World - 同步传真肥胖及代谢国际新学术进展，为医学减重临床、教研人员搭建一座与国际接轨的桥梁，「每医健」旗下内容平台。 以下文章来源于肥胖世界ObesityWorld ，作者肥胖世界 一、脂肪组织重塑的全景图 研究构建了包含70名受试者、共171,247个细胞的脂肪组织单细胞图谱，包括25名极度肥胖者（手术前后）、24名健康体重者，并结合空间转 录组分析（每组4人），聚焦腹部皮下脂肪（与代谢异常息息相关）。肥胖人群中，免疫细胞（巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞）异常聚集，同时成熟脂 肪细胞数量减少（提示细胞凋亡或新生不足）；减重后这些病变现象得到明显缓解。 二、巨噬细胞的异常激活 肥胖时脂肪组织内巨噬细胞比例由14%剧增至31%，尤其是脂质相关巨噬细胞（LAMs）——其中既包含成熟型（MYE2），也有未成熟型 （MYE3），伴随大量脂质代谢及炎症激活标志物（如CD9、TREM2）表达上升，同时经典单核细胞（MYE5）也增多，提示有来自血液的招 募。肥胖巨噬细胞普遍呈现技巧性代谢激活——糖酵解、氧化磷酸化、胆固醇及脂肪酸合成/氧化全面增强。减重可使巨噬细 ...

Core Insights - Obesity has become a global health crisis affecting over one billion people, with abnormal growth of adipose tissue being a core risk factor for various diseases including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases [7] - A groundbreaking study published in Nature on July 9, 2025, by a UK research team revealed key cellular types and molecular events involved in the remodeling of human adipose tissue during obesity and weight loss [7][10] - The study identified a selective aging susceptibility in metabolic, precursor, and vascular cells, confirming that weight loss can effectively reverse this aging process [7][10] Group 1: Study Findings - The research constructed a high-precision spatial single-nucleus transcriptome map covering 171,247 cells from 70 subjects, providing insights into the cellular composition and functional dynamics during weight gain and loss [8][10] - In obese states, there is significant immune cell infiltration in adipose tissue, primarily by macrophages, while the number of mature adipocytes decreases, indicating increased cell death or impaired renewal functions [8][12] - Weight loss interventions can significantly reverse these pathological changes, enhancing metabolic health [12] Group 2: Molecular Mechanisms - Weight loss leads to a significant downregulation of p21 expression and activation of cell cycle progression genes, demonstrating its anti-aging effects [10] - The study identified six functional groups of transcription factors involved in the aging process, which may exacerbate the cycle of stress, aging, and tissue damage [10][12] - Weight loss treatment can effectively shut down this transcriptional cascade, contributing to improved metabolic health [12] Group 3: Implications for Treatment - The findings provide breakthrough insights into the mechanisms of adipose tissue dysfunction and the reversal effects of weight loss, laying a solid foundation for future therapeutic developments [12]