中国在科研领域的投入开始显现成效。自20世纪90年代以来，相关研究的数量和质量均有所提升。一项 分析发现，中国在阿尔茨海默病领域发表的研究论文数量从1988年至1992年的12篇，增至2013年至2017 年的8000多篇。 中国在阿尔茨海默病相关研究上的资金投入持续增加。临床和临床前研究质量的提高和速度的加快已经 引起世界各地研究人员的关注。得益于中国积极引进国际研究学者，过去几年里许多顶尖科学家涌入中 国。英国痴呆症研究所神经遗传学家约翰·哈迪认为，中国正在逐步成为阿尔茨海默病的一个研究中 心。哈迪说："大家心照不宣的是，中国是开放的，而美国正在关上大门。" （来源：工人日报） 新华社伦敦2月25日电 英国《自然》杂志网站24日发表文章说，中国正在持续大力推动阿尔茨海默病的 相关医学研究，其在资金投入、人才引进及临床研究等方面的策略值得世界借鉴。文章摘要如下： 面对阿尔茨海默病这一重大公共卫生挑战，中国政府已出台相关计划并投入大量资金，旨在提高阿尔茨 海默病的筛查、诊断和治疗水平。 ...

研究人员解释说，肥胖似乎会削弱免疫系统应对感染的能力，从而增加常见感染发展为重症的风险。他 们强调，肥胖应被视为严重感染的重要危险因素之一，建议肥胖人群尤其要及时接种疫苗，以降低严重 感染风险。 相关研究成果已发表在英国医学杂志《柳叶刀》上。 （文章来源：新华社） 芬兰赫尔辛基大学近日发布公报说，该机构参与的这项研究覆盖了芬兰和英国超过54万人。研究人员通 过相关国家登记系统对参与者进行追踪研究，平均随访时间为13至14年，以分析肥胖与感染重症之间的 关联。研究涉及流感、肺炎、胃肠炎和尿路感染等多种常见感染。 研究人员以身体质量指数（BMI）衡量肥胖程度，BMI在18.5至24.9之间为正常体重人群，超过25为超 重人群，超过30为肥胖人群，超过40则为重度肥胖人群。研究结果显示，与正常体重人群相比，肥胖人 群因感染性疾病住院或死亡的风险高出约70%。随着体重增加，这一风险呈上升趋势，重度肥胖人群这 一风险约为正常体重人群的3倍。 一项由芬兰、英国等国研究人员合作开展的研究发现，肥胖会显著增加因常见感染而住院甚至死亡的风 险。在重度肥胖人群中，这一风险可达正常体重人群的约3倍。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The research identifies the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) as a central hub in the brain that regulates feeding behavior by integrating sensory inputs and internal states, providing a unified control mechanism for appetite and weight management [17]. Group 1: Mechanisms of Taste and Feeding Behavior - The taste system acts as the primary sensory gateway for regulating eating behavior, with specialized taste receptor cells (TRC) responsible for detecting basic tastes [7]. - The study highlights that the brain's conversion of sweet taste signals into actual feeding behavior is not fully understood, despite advancements in sensory biology [7]. - Hunger significantly enhances the preference for sweet tastes, indicating that internal states can influence sensory perception and feeding behavior [7]. Group 2: Role of BNST in Feeding Regulation - The BNST is confirmed as a key brain region that integrates internal states and sensory signals, playing a crucial role in the unified regulation of feeding behavior [8][11]. - Activation of specific neurons in the central amygdala (CEA) that respond to sweet tastes is shown to influence feeding behavior through projections to the BNST [9]. - The study demonstrates that BNST is essential for mediating the feeding response to sweet stimuli, with evidence showing that inhibiting BNST activity blocks sweet-induced feeding [9][10]. Group 3: Impact of Hunger and Sodium Deficiency - Hunger increases the amount of food consumed in response to sweet tastes by 2.5 times, with this effect dependent on normal taste pathways [10]. - The BNST's response to sweet tastes is enhanced by hunger, while sodium deficiency significantly increases the response to salty tastes [11]. - BNST integrates signals from both sweet taste and hunger, allowing for precise control over specific feeding behaviors [11]. Group 4: Behavioral Experiments and Findings - Activation of BNST leads to increased feeding impulses, even for normally avoided substances, demonstrating its broad regulatory capacity over feeding behavior [14]. - Inhibition of BNST results in reduced food intake regardless of the animal's hunger state, indicating its critical role in feeding regulation [14]. - The research introduces a neural decoding system that can accurately identify combinations of stimuli and physiological states based on BNST neuron activation patterns [14]. Group 5: Implications for Weight Management - The study reveals that BNST can be targeted for weight management, showing that selective activation can delay weight loss in cachexia models and that inhibition can reduce weight in obesity models [15][16]. - The findings suggest that BNST may be a key brain region for the action of GLP1 receptor agonists, which are used in clinical weight management [16]. - Overall, the research provides new insights into the mechanisms of appetite regulation and potential therapeutic targets for obesity and cachexia [17].

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the alarming global diabetes situation, with approximately 537 million adults aged 20-79 affected in 2021, projected to rise to 783 million by 2045, predominantly suffering from type 2 diabetes and often accompanied by overweight or obesity [7] - A significant study published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology reveals a precise relationship between weight loss and diabetes remission, providing revolutionary guidance for clinical practice [7][10] Research Methodology - The research team adhered to Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines, systematically reviewing relevant randomized controlled trials from databases like PubMed and Embase, focusing on interventions after one year [8] - Out of 3602 articles, 22 high-quality trials were included, ensuring low bias risk and reliable results [8] Key Findings - A significant dose-response relationship was found: for every 1% weight loss, the probability of complete remission increases by 2.17%, and partial remission by 2.74% [10] - Specific data shows that weight loss of less than 10% results in a complete remission rate of only 0.7%, while a weight loss of 20-29% leads to a complete remission rate of 49.6%, and ≥30% weight loss results in a remarkable 79.1% complete remission rate [11] Implications for Diabetes Management - The study positions weight management as a core pillar in treating type 2 diabetes, significantly enhancing remission rates and reducing complication risks [13] - The precise dose-response relationship indicates that even moderate weight loss can yield substantial health benefits, highlighting the potential of various weight loss interventions [13] Future Directions - Future research should explore the long-term effects of weight loss on diabetes remission, particularly the efficacy and safety of new weight loss medications [15] - The ongoing development and application of weight loss drugs could significantly reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes and improve remission rates, making it a reachable global health goal [15]

转自：中国科学报 "第一次坐上'萝卜快跑'，我真的大吃一惊！"华中科技大学附属同济医院（以下简称同济医院）顾问教 授、中国科学院外籍院士乔治·霍夫曼与夫人方俊敏坐在无人驾驶车后座，望着车窗外掠过的武汉街 景，不禁感叹"太神奇了"！ 霍夫曼院士与夫人方俊敏在海德堡。 这并非霍夫曼首次来华，他对中国的热爱在一次次到访中与日俱增。 从拥有500年历史的文理中学毕业后，霍夫曼考入德国哥廷根大学医学部。这是德国拥有诺贝尔奖获得 者最多、最难考的学校和1%录取率的专业。霍夫曼还经常旁听化学和生物化学课程，探索自己喜欢的 方向。 1978年，他开启博士生研究生涯，方向是几乎全然陌生的领域——导致智力障碍的代谢缺陷。那时，没 有基因测序、质谱数据库，研究主要靠气相色谱和初代质谱仪。导师Langenbeck偏向化学，霍夫曼的日 常工作就是分析尿液、血液中的代谢峰，再与化学结构逐一比对。 在全球儿童遗传代谢病领域，乔治·霍夫曼是个绕不开的名字——国际分子生物学与遗传学权威，德国 国家科学院院士、海德堡大学儿童医院院长。40多年来，他发表论文700余篇，在全球首次识别和描述 儿童代谢病实体27种；建立德国多州新生儿筛查体系，成为欧 ...

据中华医学会秘书长何翔介绍，中华医学会于2019年启动建设中国临床案例库，经过6年建设，案例库 不断发展壮大，已成为创新临床人才评价机制、推广优质医疗实践经验的重要载体。作为中国医学领域 首个、也是规模最大的临床案例库，中国临床案例库在推动临床医学人才评价内容多元化方面取得突破 性进展。同时，中国临床案例库用户来自80多个国家和地区，正从一个国内平台逐步成长为具有国际能 见度与影响力的中国临床经验共享窗口。下一步，中华医学会将在提质扩容、拓展应用两个方向重点发 力，努力把中国临床案例库建设成为医务工作者的学习平台、评价平台和资源平台。 中国科协科学技术创新部副部长杨书宣表示，通过标准化的病例格式、双语内容建设，探索开放合作机 制，中国临床案例库正逐步从"成果展示存储平台"成长为"互动型学术共同体"——2024年以来，来自美 国、澳大利亚、日本等80多个国家的研究者访问案例库的病例资源，为中国医学界参与全球知识治理提 供了有效途径。 本报讯 （记者黄哲雯）记者从近日中国科协举办的中国临床案例成果数据库新闻通气会上获悉，截至 2025年底，中国临床案例库已收录来自全国5000多家医疗机构的规范化病例报告12.2万 ...

Core Viewpoint - Australia is at the forefront of obesity research, with recent breakthroughs from the University of Melbourne potentially addressing obesity challenges [6][10]. Group 1: Research Breakthroughs - Researchers at the University of Melbourne have discovered three distinct types of adipocyte progenitor cells, challenging the long-held belief that there is only one type [10]. - The first type of cell leads to unconditional fat accumulation around organs, contributing to metabolic diseases like fatty liver [11]. - The second type, known as "fast-burning fat cells," can suppress weight gain and efficiently burn body fat, representing a significant focus for weight loss and health management [13]. - The third type functions to balance fat within the body, maintaining a stable state [14]. Group 2: Obesity Statistics in Australia - Australia has one of the highest obesity rates globally, with 70% of adults classified as overweight or obese, and one in five children also affected [16][17]. - The obesity issue has prompted ongoing scientific interest and research in Australia, with significant public engagement in weight loss advancements [17]. Group 3: Genetic Factors in Obesity - A recent study indicates that body shape is largely determined by genetics, with findings suggesting that infants with larger heads are more likely to become overweight as adults [24]. - Key brain regions, the nucleus accumbens and the medial orbitofrontal cortex, are linked to body fat content, with larger sizes in these areas correlating with higher fat levels [27]. - The nucleus accumbens is associated with pleasure and desire, while the medial orbitofrontal cortex relates to reward mechanisms and emotional regulation, impacting individuals' ability to resist food cravings [29].

中国医学科学院作为国家医学科技创新体系核心基地，始终将选人育人工作摆在突出位置，坚持系统观 念，构建"选、育、管、用"全链条工作机制，为卫生健康事业高质量发展注入不竭动力。 立好"风向标"，以"严选"把准政治首关与实绩导向。"选人"是干部工作的第一道关口。坚持政治标准为 首，突出对服务大局和中心工作实效的考察，树立"干部到基层锻炼、人才从一线选拔"的鲜明导向。通 过分层分类开展常态化调研，综合运用个别谈话、民主推荐、评分评价等方式，全面掌握干部政治素 质、专业能力与发展潜力，绘制精准的"能力图谱"。建立常态化、近距离考察机制，构建"年度考核、 年中评估、聘期评价、试用期考评"四位一体的多元化考核体系，并"一所一策"制定二级单位班子建设 方案，力求在实践"赛马场"上选拔出真正的"千里马"与"实干家"。 搭建"成长梯"，以"优育"夯实能力根基与战略储备。将理论武装、党性锤炼与能力提升贯穿培育全过 程，把党的创新理论作为教育培训首课，重点提升干部的专业素养、战略规划、改革攻坚与应急处突能 力。针对领导干部、年轻干部、新任干部等不同群体实施靶向培育，量身定制培训内容，推动干部 从"自然成长"转向"有计划培养"。创新构 ...

Core Viewpoint - The study identifies a threshold for Body Mass Index (BMI) that increases mortality risk in patients with type 2 diabetes, specifically indicating that a sustained BMI of ≥ 27 kg/m² raises the risk of death in individuals aged 40 and above in China, while a BMI between 18.5-26.9 kg/m² is considered ideal [3][9][11]. Group 1: Research Findings - The research highlights that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is rising among the elderly, with over 65% of cases occurring in individuals aged 40 and above, posing significant challenges to global health systems [7]. - The study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive metabolic management, particularly sustained weight management, as a primary treatment goal for type 2 diabetes patients [7]. - The research team utilized two metrics to quantify BMI exposure: the percentage of time BMI is above the target range (TAR) and the percentage of time BMI is within the target range (TTR) [8]. Group 2: Study Methodology - The study involved a cohort of 3,708 individuals aged ≥ 40 years with type 2 diabetes, who had at least five BMI measurements over four years, with a median follow-up time of five years, resulting in 1,020 recorded deaths [9]. - Results indicated a positive correlation between sustained BMI ≥ 27 kg/m² (TAR) and increased mortality risk, while longer durations of BMI maintained within the range of 18.5–26.9 kg/m² (TTR) were associated with survival benefits [9][11].

Core Insights - The article discusses the intersection of science and ethics in understanding consciousness, highlighting the work of Professor Steven Laureys, a leading figure in the field of consciousness research [1][2]. Group 1: Professor Steven Laureys' Background and Contributions - Professor Laureys has dedicated over two decades to exploring human consciousness, driven by a desire to understand the complexities of the brain, which he considers the most intricate object in the universe [1][5]. - He founded a prominent coma science research team in Belgium and has collaborated with Chinese teams to redefine consciousness, moving away from binary views to a more nuanced understanding of consciousness as a multi-dimensional spectrum [6][7]. Group 2: Advances in Consciousness Research - Significant breakthroughs in the last 20 years include the development of neuroimaging techniques that challenge previous assumptions about patients in comatose states, revealing that many retain thoughts and feelings [5][8]. - The terminology has evolved, with "vegetative state" now referred to as "unresponsive wakefulness syndrome," reflecting a better understanding of brain plasticity and recovery mechanisms [7][9]. Group 3: Clinical Applications and Future Directions - Research has shown that advanced techniques, such as brain-computer interfaces, can facilitate communication with patients previously deemed unresponsive, fundamentally changing perceptions of coma patients [8][10]. - The integration of artificial intelligence in research is enhancing the ability to analyze complex data from brain scans, which is crucial for improving patient care and outcomes [13]. Group 4: Ethical Considerations in Medical Decision-Making - The article emphasizes the importance of ethical dimensions in medical decision-making, particularly when diagnosing and prognosing patients with consciousness disorders [14]. - It advocates for the establishment of advance directives to guide medical teams in respecting patients' values and wishes when they are unable to communicate [14].