撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 近日，来自 华南师范大学 的一篇新论文登上了 Cell Press 官网头条。 该论文以 ： Environmental exposure augments the abundance and transferability of antibiotic resistance genes in the respiratory tract （环境暴露会增 加呼吸道中抗生素抗性基因的数量和传播性。 ） 为题， 于 2025 年 11 月 20 日发表在了 Cell 子刊 Cell Reports 上 ，华南师范大学 王璋 、广东省疾控中心 郑雪燕 等为论文通讯作者，易歆竹、蔡汉钦、刘海月、徐诗芬、孟瑞琳为论文共同第一作者。 接触 环境污染物 已被证实与 抗生素耐药性 （AMR） 增强有关，如今， 抗生素耐药性对人 类健康构成日益严重的全球性威胁。在所有感染性疾病中，下呼吸道 感染是与抗菌素耐药性相关的负担最重的疾病，对发病率和死亡率影响巨大。 人类呼吸道 内寄居着多样化的微生物群，是 抗生素抗性基因 （ARG） 的重要储存库。这些耐药基因的集合与呼吸道感染以及哮喘、慢性阻塞性 ...

2025年11月21日，中国科学院与中国工程院同步公布新一届院士增选结果。中国科学院共选举产生院士 73人，中国工程院选举产生院士71人。其中，医药卫生与生命科学领域共有21位杰出学者入选，涵盖临 床医学、基础研究、药学、公共卫生及中医药等多个关键方向，展现出我国医学与生命科技高层次人才 队伍的多学科融合发展格局。 中国科学院生命科学和医学学部（13人）： 蔡秀军、邓弘魁、房静远、傅向东、何舜平、胡海岚（女）、马克平、瞿礼嘉、王拥军、曾木圣、周 俭、朱冰、朱兰（女） 中国工程院医药卫生学部（8人）： 阿吉艾克拜尔·艾萨、程涛、高月（女）、季加孚、王健伟、王宁利、徐瑞华、庾石山 当选院士学术贡献简介 中国科学院生命科学和医学学部 本学部新当选院士的研究工作涵盖了从基础前沿探索到临床医学应用的广泛领域。 蔡秀军教授（浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院）在微创外科领域贡献卓著，特别是在腹腔镜肝脏外科技 术创新和器械研发方面取得系列突破。 新增院士名单公布，结构均衡覆盖多领域 根据公布名单，本次当选的院士包括： 胡海岚教授（浙江大学）长期深耕情绪与社会行为的分子及神经环路机制领域，其团队在抑郁症发病机 制、社会竞争神经基础 ...

【文/观察者网 齐倩】 香港英文媒体《南华早报》11月19日刊文称，瑞士《前沿》杂志首席执行官弗雷德·芬特尔认为，中国 在科研产出和某些前沿领域正超越美国，硅谷和美国顶尖大学在塑造科学未来方面的主导地位可能正在 终结。《前沿》杂志是全球领先学术出版商之一。 芬特近期在一次采访中表示："根据全球最大互联研究数据库Digital Science的数据，2024年中国研究人 员发表了110万篇论文，美国为88万篇，中美科研产出差距正在扩大。" 他提到，尽管美国传统上被视为医学研究领导者，但近期的出版趋势显示不同景象。 数据显示，2023年，中国在医学领域论文占比达40%，2024年进一步升至略超50%。在能源研究领域， 中国已是全球领导者，占该领域论文约35%，且影响力显著。 "毫无疑问，中国现在是科学出版和产出的领导者，"芬特称，"专利等其他指标进一步表明，中国不仅 在数量上，还在高质量科研产出上超越了美国。" 芬特提到，中国的科学崛起正成为其他国家的榜样，尤其是越南。他说："我们最近会见了越南代表 团，他们有雄心勃勃的计划，要大幅增加研发投资，希望复制中国过去15到20年所获得的成果。" 弗雷德·芬特尔近期接受 ...

Core Insights - The Trump administration's significant reduction in federal research funding has led to the cancellation of over 380 clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) from February to August this year, affecting more than 74,000 participants [1][2] - The halted clinical trials primarily focused on infectious disease research, prevention, behavioral interventions, as well as studies related to cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and mental health [1] - The abrupt funding cuts raise concerns about resource wastage, declining data quality, and the inability of researchers to fulfill their ethical responsibilities to participants [1] Research Impact - The study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association highlights that the interruption of these clinical trials lacks scientific justification and violates fundamental ethical principles of human subject research [1] - The implications of these funding cuts extend beyond the immediate trials, potentially causing long-term damage to the entire public health research ecosystem in the United States [2] - Public health experts emphasize that basic medical research relies on long-term planning and sustained investment, indicating that the effects of reduced research funding could be profound and lasting [2]

国际最新健康研究：日行5000步或助减缓阿尔茨海默病相关衰退 中新网北京11月4日电 (记者 孙自法)施普林格·自然旗下专业学术期刊《自然-医学》最新发表一篇健康 研究论文称，研究人员通过对认知功能未受损的老年人进行14年的追踪发现，每日步行超过5000步或可 降低阿尔茨海默病临床前期的tau蛋白积累和认知衰退。 这是首批探索不同运动强度和阿尔茨海默病关键生物标志物间关系的研究之一，并且提出了对老年人而 言较易实现的运动目标，以减缓疾病进展。 该论文介绍，缺乏运动是阿尔茨海默病的已知风险因素，亟需安全有效的方式来延缓疾病进展。动物研 究表明，锻炼可降低阿尔茨海默病相关病理变化，但运动对该疾病人类生物标志物的影响及其剂量-反 应关系尚不明确。迄今鲜少有研究使用活动的客观量表来检测其对淀粉样斑块和tau蛋白(阿尔茨海默病 的生物标志物)的作用，也无长期时间框架下的追踪研究。 在本项研究中，美国医疗机构麻总百瀚(MGB)团队和合作者一起，分析了哈佛老化大脑研究中294名认 知功能未受损的老年人(50-90岁)的数据，包括计步器记录的运动量、纵向淀粉样蛋白和tau蛋白的PET成 像数据，以及最长达14年的认知评估，发 ...

以下文章来源于肥胖世界ObesityWorld ，作者欢迎订阅 肥胖世界ObesityWorld . 《肥胖世界》Obesity World - 同步传真肥胖及代谢国际新学术进展，为医学减重临床、教研人员搭建一座与国际接轨的桥梁，「每医健」旗下内容平台。 肥胖已成全球健康危机，影响超十亿人口。脂肪组织(AT)异常增长不仅是肥胖的典型特征，更是2型糖尿病、心血管疾病、特定癌症及过早死 亡的核心风险因素。通过减重(WL)降低脂肪组织量可显著改善肥胖并发症，有效降低死亡风险。深入破解这两种截然相反临床效应背后的生 物学机制，对优化治疗方案与提升健康结局具有革命性意义。 2025年7月9日，英国科学家团队在《自然》发表重磅研究《肥胖与减重过程中脂肪生态位的选择性重塑》。该研究构建了前所未有的高精度 空间单核转录组图谱(涵盖70名受试者的171,247个细胞)，系统揭示了肥胖及减重过程中重塑人类脂肪组织及代谢健康的关键细胞类型、分子 事件与调控网络。研究首次发现代谢细胞、前体细胞与血管细胞存在选择性衰老易感性，并证实减重可有效逆转这一衰老进程；同时精确定义 了驱动"衰老-组织损伤-代谢功能障碍"恶性循环的基因调控机制与 ...

Core Insights - The conference aims to address the growing global demand for health solutions related to aging, focusing on innovative research and clinical applications in the field of anti-aging and homeostasis medicine [1][2] - The concept of "homeostasis" is defined as the foundation of life and health, with the conference promoting a shift from traditional disease treatment to a health-centered proactive prevention system [1][2] Group 1: Conference Objectives and Themes - The core goal of the conference is to promote deep integration of homeostasis medicine across basic research, clinical translation, and industrial application, contributing Chinese wisdom to global health governance [2] - The conference emphasizes a paradigm shift in health concepts, redefining aging as an intervenable biological process rather than an irreversible endpoint, and promoting the idea of health over mere longevity [2] Group 2: Academic Contributions and Publications - The term "homeostasis medicine" was officially launched at the conference, marking the establishment of a new discipline aimed at addressing aging and health issues [3] - Several publications related to homeostasis medicine and anti-aging were released, including a new book edited by Wang Songling, which aims to construct a comprehensive theoretical framework for the field [3] Group 3: Collaborative Initiatives - A "Homeostasis Medicine Big System" was established during the conference, integrating global research institutions, clinical hospitals, and enterprises, fostering long-term cooperation and a mechanism for shared research and outcomes [4] - This system aims to create a new paradigm of collaborative development and mutual benefit in the fields of anti-aging and homeostasis medicine, contributing to global responses to aging challenges [4]

Core Insights - The article discusses the metabolic reprogramming that occurs during critical illness, emphasizing the role of inflammation and immune response in altering energy distribution and substrate utilization within the body [6][9][27]. Metabolic Regulation Principles - The priority of substrate utilization shifts during critical illness, with the body first consuming glucose and glycogen, followed by fats and proteins. This shift is crucial for supporting immune and inflammatory cell needs, leading to significant breakdown of muscle and fat tissues [10][13]. - The liver and kidneys enhance gluconeogenesis during critical illness, utilizing lactate, glycerol, and amino acids as substrates, which is vital for maintaining glucose levels [13]. Immune and Inflammatory Cell Metabolism - Immune cells, particularly M1 macrophages and activated T cells, primarily rely on aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) for rapid ATP production and biosynthetic precursors, supporting inflammatory responses despite lower energy efficiency [16][18]. - Metabolic intermediates can epigenetically regulate gene expression, influencing inflammation and immune responses [17]. Muscle and Fat Tissue Metabolic Remodeling - In critical illness, white adipose tissue may convert to brown adipose tissue, enhancing thermogenic capacity, while obesity paradox suggests that obese individuals may have better survival rates due to greater energy reserves and anti-inflammatory factors [20][22]. - Muscle protein breakdown is significantly increased due to enhanced ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy mechanisms, leading to muscle wasting [22][26]. Conclusion - The body adapts through metabolic reprogramming during critical illness to enhance immune protection and survival, with a focus on the roles of immune cell metabolism and the breakdown of muscle and fat tissues. Future research should explore innovative interventions targeting metabolic pathways to improve clinical outcomes for critically ill patients [27].

目前，澳大利亚新生儿足跟血筛查能覆盖32种疾病。研究发现，新生儿家长对基因组测序的接受程度较 高，99.5%的家长认为这样的检查应推广到所有新生儿中。 研究人员说，将基因组测序纳入新生儿筛查能扩大疾病筛查范围，包括那些易导致儿童患癌的隐患以及 目前的标准筛查技术无法检测到的心脏和神经系统疾病。 新华社墨尔本10月11日电（记者徐海静）澳大利亚默多克儿童研究所近日发布一项研究成果说，在新生 儿筛查中加入基因组测序有助于额外发现数百种疾病风险，便于更早的诊断和治疗。 这一研究由默多克儿童研究所与澳大利亚维多利亚州临床遗传学服务共同领衔，研究成果新近发表在英 国《自然·医学》杂志上。研究人员发现，如果在现行的澳大利亚新生儿足跟血筛查中纳入基因组测 序，就可以在14天内提供数百种可治疗疾病的筛查结果。 这项研究利用足跟血样本对维多利亚州1000名新生儿进行了基因组测序，检查了605种与早发、严重且 可治疗疾病相关的基因。结果发现，其中16名新生儿出现基因疾病的可能性更高，而常规筛查只发现了 1人。 研究人员同时提醒，新生儿基因测序还面临着操作和伦理上的风险，包括费用、公平性、数据存储安全 性以及孩子成年后的决策权等。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significance of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded to Japanese scientist Shimon Sakaguchi for his research on regulatory T cells, which has revolutionized immunotherapy and deepened the understanding of the immune system [4][8]. Summary by Sections Discovery and Importance of Regulatory T Cells - Regulatory T cells play a crucial role in maintaining immune balance, and their subtle changes in quantity can significantly impact health. A decrease can lead to autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes and lupus, while an increase can result in tumors and infections [9][10]. - The discovery of regulatory T cells by Sakaguchi and his colleagues has advanced research in autoimmune diseases and the immune system's functioning [8]. Shimon Sakaguchi's Journey - Sakaguchi faced skepticism and was labeled an "heretic" in the scientific community for proposing the existence of regulatory T cells, which contradicted the prevailing view that T cells only had an attacking function [11][27]. - His research journey was marked by persistence despite numerous challenges, including funding issues and rejection from top journals [35][36]. Breakthroughs and Collaborations - The turning point in Sakaguchi's research came when he linked the Foxp3 gene mutation to regulatory T cells, confirming their role in autoimmune diseases [42]. - Collaborations with scientists like Mary Blenko and Fred Ramsdell were pivotal in validating his findings and advancing the research [49]. Future Implications - Although the discovery of regulatory T cells has not yet directly translated into clinical applications, it provides potential therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases and cancer treatment [47]. - Sakaguchi emphasizes the importance of time and persistence in scientific research, highlighting that breakthroughs often require sustained effort and collaboration [49].