Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significance of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded to Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their groundbreaking work on regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and their role in immune tolerance, which has profound implications for understanding autoimmune diseases and cancer escape mechanisms [3][35]. Group 1 - The Nobel Prize was awarded for the discovery and definition of CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and their importance in controlling self-reactive responses, marking a new field of research in peripheral immune tolerance [3][35]. - The research highlights the collaborative effort and curiosity in science, leading to a transformative understanding of immune regulation [3][35]. - The findings have significant implications for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancer, emphasizing the potential of Treg cells in clinical applications [35]. Group 2 - Mary Brunkow expressed her surprise at receiving the Nobel Prize, reflecting on the teamwork involved in their research and the changes in her scientific career since then [14][24]. - Fred Ramsdell shared a humorous account of how he learned about his award while camping, illustrating the unexpected nature of the recognition [23][24]. - Shimon Sakaguchi emphasized the importance of persistence in research, stating that the discovery of Treg cells was a result of continuous exploration despite challenges in the field [33][35]. Group 3 - The article highlights the collaboration between biotechnology and academic sectors, showcasing how such partnerships can lead to significant advancements in medical treatments [29][30]. - The historical context of the research is noted, with the original findings based on a mutant mouse model that exhibited severe autoimmune phenotypes, underscoring the importance of foundational research [30][31]. - The recognition of their work is seen as a motivation for further exploration and application of Treg cells in treating various immune diseases and improving organ transplant outcomes [35].