2025研究前沿及热度指数报告发布 中新社北京12月3日电 (记者 孙自法)2025研究前沿及热度指数报告评估12月3日在北京发布，报告显示 综合11大学科领域整体表现，美国蝉联榜首，在一半的研究前沿上排名第一；中国居第二，在超四成的 研究前沿上排名第一。 中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院、中国科学院文献情报中心与科睿唯安当天在北京联合举办2025研究前 沿发布暨研讨会，正式发布《2025研究前沿》报告和《2025研究前沿热度指数》报告，评估了中国、美 国、英国、德国、加拿大等国家和地区在11大学科领域的110个热点前沿和18个新兴前沿的研究活跃程 度。 《2025研究前沿》报告的11个高度聚合的大学科领域包括：农业科学、植物学和动物学，生态与环境科 学，地球科学，临床医学，生物科学，化学与材料科学，物理学，天文学与天体物理学，数学，信息科 学，经济学、心理学及其他社会科学，2025年遴选展示这些大学科共128个热点和新兴前沿，较为客观 反映相关学科的发展趋势。 报告显示，随着新一轮科技革命蓬勃发展，科学研究的前沿不断演化，行星边界框架、物理引导神经网 络、高通量单细胞技术、用于全固态电池的卤化物固态电解质、拍瓦 ...

Core Viewpoint - The 30th UN Climate Change Conference (COP30) in Belém, Brazil, emphasizes the urgent need for global action to address climate change, particularly the 1.5°C target set by the Paris Agreement, which is now at risk of being exceeded [3][4]. Group 1: Climate Goals and Challenges - Johan Rockström highlights that humanity is "almost inevitably" entering a phase of overshooting the 1.5°C target, but there is still a chance to return to safety if immediate actions are taken to reverse emission trends and phase out fossil fuels [3][6]. - Current global emissions are still rising, with a scientific consensus that a minimum annual reduction of 5% is necessary to avoid severe climate impacts [6][7]. - Rockström stresses that 1.5°C is not merely a target but a critical limit, and exceeding it poses significant threats to both humanity and the Earth's systems [7][12]. Group 2: Role of Developed Countries - Developed nations must lead by example in reducing emissions and provide financial and technological support for green transitions in developing countries [4][8]. - The need to eliminate approximately $4 trillion in fossil fuel subsidies is crucial to redirecting funds towards risk-free green technology investments [8][9]. - Trust in global cooperation is contingent upon the actions of wealthy countries, which must accelerate their emission reductions and fulfill climate financing commitments [7][10]. Group 3: Technological and Policy Solutions - The transition to zero-carbon solutions in hard-to-abate sectors like aviation and shipping is becoming feasible, but policy incentives are essential for these technologies to compete fairly against fossil fuels [9][10]. - The importance of establishing a robust carbon pricing mechanism is highlighted to ensure sustainable choices are more accessible and affordable [10][11]. - The sixth article of the Paris Agreement regarding carbon markets is seen as necessary but must be implemented with strict accounting standards to prevent misuse [11][12].