Core Viewpoint - The "Two Mountains" concept, proposed by Xi Jinping, emphasizes the harmonious relationship between economic development and ecological protection, serving as a guiding principle for sustainable development in China and offering insights for global ecological governance [1][2][3]. Theoretical Value - The "Two Mountains" concept creatively integrates Marxist principles with China's specific realities and traditional culture, establishing a path for modern development that harmonizes humanity and nature [3][4]. - It challenges traditional views by recognizing ecological resources as productive forces, highlighting the economic and social value of ecological protection [4][5]. Practical Achievements - Over the past two decades, the "Two Mountains" concept has significantly influenced China's governance, leading to historic changes in ecological civilization and environmental protection [7]. - Major improvements in air and water quality have been recorded, with PM2.5 levels in key cities dropping by 56% and the proportion of good water quality sections increasing from 64.1% to 90.4% [7]. - The concept has driven a green transformation in the economy, with energy consumption intensity decreasing by over 26% since 2012 and renewable energy capacity projected to reach 56% of total power generation by 2024 [8]. Global Significance - The "Two Mountains" concept transcends national boundaries, providing innovative ideas for global sustainable development and environmental governance [10][11]. - It offers a model for developing countries facing the dilemma of growth versus protection, sharing experiences through initiatives like the Belt and Road [10]. - The concept emphasizes the need for global cooperation in addressing climate change and biodiversity loss, advocating for a community of shared future for mankind [11][12].