重庆市云阳县人民医院肾病血液科 张晓情 52岁的陈先生近三个月来总觉得"浑身没劲"，上楼时心慌气短，工作效率明显下降。经血常规检查，显 示血红蛋白为78g/L，自行服用铁剂一个多月却不见好转。在就诊时陈先生显示出面色苍白、眼睑结膜 颜色明显变淡、牙龈在轻微刺激下出血、皮肤呈现瘀斑等症状，医生判断：这不是营养性贫血。经过进 一步检查，陈先生不仅血红蛋白显著降低，血小板计数也仅有35×10/L，白细胞分类中可见幼稚细胞， 提示骨髓造血功能可能出现严重问题。最终，骨髓穿刺检查确诊了他系急性髓系白血病。 别把贫血当小事儿 贫血本质上是血液中红细胞数量或血红蛋白含量的减少。尤其是扮演人体内"氧气运输队"的红细胞，对 我们的健康至关重要。当它数量减少时，全身组织器官就会缺氧，从而出现乏力、头晕、心悸、面色苍 白等症状。 除了常见的缺铁性贫血外，还可能源于以下4项原因： 1.缺乏维生素B12或叶酸导致的巨幼细胞性贫血； 2.肾脏疾病、慢性炎症、肿瘤等慢性疾病； 3.再生障碍性贫血、骨髓增生异常综合征、白血病等血液系统疾病； 4.溶血性疾病；显性失血和隐性失血。 贫血现象非小事，而是身体发出的重要警告。当出现相关症状时，我们 ...

验血报告显示血色素正常，为什么还会"血虚"？其实，中医所指的血虚和西医说的贫血不是一码 事。 西医对血的定义是"血液"的概念，主要基于其物质基础：血液在心脏和血管腔内循环流动，由血浆 和血细胞组成。 中医对血的论述包含"物质和功能"两方面，理论基础可追溯到战国时期。相传扁鹊所著的《难经》 就提到"血主濡之"，此处的"濡"有营养的含义。现代《中医学》对"血"的定义：循行于脉中的富有营养 的红色液态物质，是构成人体和维持人体生命活动的基本物质。因此中医对"血"的认识包含其物质基础 并强调血的营养与滋润作用，含义比大众常说的"血"更丰富。 "血虚"和"贫血"的异同 贫血是现代医学的疾病概念。根据世界卫生组织的定义，贫血指循环红细胞数量不足，导致血红蛋 白水平低于特定临界值。临床上常以血红蛋白（Hb）浓度检测来诊断，非高海拔地区若成年男性 Hb<120g/l、成年女性（非妊娠）hb<110g/l，就可认为有贫血。贫血的病因包括红细胞生成减少、红细 胞破坏过多和急慢性失血等。 经同事推荐，李女士在中医门诊服用中药治疗后，头晕乏力明显改善。她不禁询问医生：我的症状 是什么原因导致的？中医回答：这是中医"血虚证"的表现。李 ...

Core Points - South Korean singer HyunA fainted during a performance at the Water Bomb Music Festival in Macau, with reports suggesting it may be due to vasovagal syncope, a common type of fainting among young people [1][3] - HyunA has previously disclosed her struggles with panic disorder and depression, and she later reassured fans that she is fine and will work on improving her physical fitness [1][6] Summary by Sections Incident Overview - HyunA collapsed on stage during her performance and was carried off by staff [1] - Initial reports indicated her condition might be vasovagal syncope, which is prevalent among young individuals [3] Medical Background - Vasovagal syncope is the most common type of fainting, accounting for over 85% of fainting incidents in individuals under 40 [4] - It is characterized by a sudden drop in blood pressure and heart rate, leading to temporary loss of consciousness [4][5] Causes and Triggers - The exact causes of vasovagal syncope remain unclear, but potential triggers include prolonged standing, pain, emotional stress, and physical exertion [5] - Studies indicate a correlation between recent weight loss and the occurrence of vasovagal syncope, with 11.9% of patients reporting significant weight loss prior to their episodes [6] Psychological Factors - HyunA's panic disorder may be linked to her fainting episodes, as studies show a higher incidence of psychological distress among those with vasovagal syncope [6] - The relationship between anxiety, depression, and vasovagal syncope is still being researched [6] Treatment and Prevention - Non-drug treatments focus on avoiding triggers and improving physical conditioning, such as tilt training to enhance standing endurance [10][11] - If fainting episodes are frequent or unpredictable, further medical intervention may be necessary, including medication or the use of a pacemaker [13]

贫血作为一类常见的血液性疾病，其流行规模远超大众认知。据世界卫生组织估算，全球贫血患者已达18亿人。不同年龄、性别群体的患病率呈现显著差 异，约有30%的15~49岁女性、37%的妊娠妇女和40%的6~59个月龄儿童受到贫血的影响。从地域维度观察，撒哈拉以南非洲与亚洲是全球贫血患病率最高 的区域。 不少人认为，贫血就是"身体血量不足"，这种认知其实较为片面。在医学上，贫血的精确定义是指人体外周血红细胞容量减少，低于正常范围下限，不能运 输足够的氧气至组织而产生的综合征。具体来说，如果把身体比作一个庞大的"社区"，那么每个器官、组织都是需要"氧气包裹"的"住户"，红细胞就是负责 运送氧气的"快递员"。贫血的核心逻辑是红细胞出了问题，影响氧气配送，导致"住户"因缺氧陷入困境，背后主要存在三种原因。 二是"快递员半路遇劫"，即红细胞被破坏太快。正常情况下，"快递员"能工作120天，可体内若有"误判的保安"（自身免疫疾病，如自身免疫性溶血性贫 血），会把健康"快递员"当成"可疑人员"误伤；还有人吃蚕豆后会出现"有毒路标"（溶血物质），"快递员"一碰就发生"车辆故障"（红细胞破裂），提前结 束工作生涯（蚕豆病）。 三是 ...

Core Points - The article emphasizes the importance of understanding key indicators in a blood routine test, specifically focusing on red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and platelets [1][4][11] Group 1: Key Indicators - Red Blood Cells (RBC) and Hemoglobin (HGB) are crucial for oxygen transport and immune function, with normal values for males being 120-160 g/L and for females 110-150 g/L. Levels below 90 g/L indicate mild anemia, while below 60 g/L indicates severe anemia [1][4] - Platelets (PLT) play a vital role in blood clotting, with normal values ranging from (100-300)×10^9/L. Elevated levels can indicate a risk of thrombosis, while low levels increase bleeding risk [6][8] - White Blood Cells (WBC) are essential for immune defense, with normal values between (4.0-10.0)×10^9/L. Elevated levels may suggest infection, while low levels can indicate decreased immunity [11][15] Group 2: Clinical Implications - Elevated hemoglobin levels may indicate blood system diseases, while low levels suggest anemia, which can lead to serious health issues if not addressed [3][4] - Elevated platelet counts can be due to physiological factors but may also indicate underlying conditions if persistently high [7][9] - White blood cell count changes can signal infections, with specific patterns indicating bacterial or viral infections [12][14] Group 3: Testing Considerations - The article advises on pre-test preparations, such as avoiding high-fat and high-protein foods, alcohol, and ensuring good sleep to enhance test accuracy [19][20] - Post-test care includes monitoring for any adverse reactions and consulting a doctor for abnormal results [23]