东濠涌，北起麓湖，南衔珠江，是明清时期广州古城的护城河，曾是广州重要的交通航道及城内的主要 排水渠道。随着经济发展、人口增多、产业扩张，在很长一段时间里，广州每日有大量生活污水和工业 废水直排入东濠涌。加之补水匮乏、河道淤积、管网不完善、雨污合流等因素，东濠涌水质严重恶化。 早些年，相关部门也开展了一系列整治工作，但治理效果一直不理想。 2008年，广州将121条河涌治理列为"民生一号工程"，东濠涌因处于核心老城、污染和黑臭严重、桥隧 密布、拆迁量大、技术复杂，故而成为了检验城市治理能力与决心的关键战场。通过持续的综合整治和 生态修复，如今的东濠涌已经实现了从"掩鼻而过"到"亲水而居"的历史性跨越，呈现出"有河有水旱涝 两安、有鱼有草水清岸绿、人文和谐文脉赓续"的美丽图景。总结起来，东濠涌的整治建设成果重点体 现为"五个更"。 水安全更可靠。通过揭盖复涌、新建及加固堤岸、雨污分流与合流渠箱改造，在全国率先建设深层隧道 排水系统，推进"四洗（洗楼、洗管、洗井、洗河）五清（清除非法排污口、水面漂浮物、底泥污染 物、河道障碍物、涉河湖违章）"专项行动，有效构建长效防涝体系。 水环境更洁净。构建"珠江取水—地埋式净水 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the approval and implications of Xi'an's Land Spatial Overall Plan (2021-2035), emphasizing sustainable development and the integration of historical and cultural preservation with modern urban planning [1]. Group 1: Harmonious Coexistence - The plan emphasizes the integration of natural and cultural elements, reflecting Xi'an's historical significance and geographical features [2]. - The proposed overall framework includes "one screen, one belt, eight waters, seven fields, two hearts, and six pieces," aiming to balance historical preservation with modern urban development [2]. - The design principles of "harmony yet difference" and "singing in harmony" are highlighted as essential for maintaining uniqueness while fostering collaboration [2]. Group 2: Cultural Heritage Preservation - Xi'an's unique identity as a "thousand-year ancient capital" is underscored, with a focus on integrating natural landscapes into cultural heritage protection [3]. - The plan aims to create a systematic approach to cultural heritage preservation, emphasizing continuity, constraint, and dynamism [4]. - It includes the establishment of cultural protection lines and the incorporation of newly discovered historical sites into the protection framework [4]. Group 3: Multi-level Protection Strategies - The plan promotes the integration of cultural heritage into modern urban life, ensuring the preservation of significant historical sites and their surrounding environments [5]. - It emphasizes the importance of urban axes in guiding development and preserving historical order, including cultural heritage displays along these axes [5]. - The vision includes Xi'an as a key international gateway city and a representative of Chinese civilization, aiming for a balance between cultural heritage and modern urbanization [5].