Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the impact of the recent cold wave and severe weather conditions in central and eastern regions of China, particularly focusing on health risks associated with low temperatures and snow, and provides preventive measures for vulnerable populations [1]. Group 1: Health Risks - The cold wave is expected to bring the lowest temperatures of -5℃ to -3℃, increasing the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, as well as injuries from slips and falls [1][2]. - Cardiovascular disease patients are particularly at risk due to increased blood pressure and heart load caused by cold weather, necessitating careful monitoring and preventive measures [2]. - The elderly are at higher risk of falls and fractures due to slippery conditions, with recommendations to minimize outdoor activities and wear appropriate footwear [3]. Group 2: Preventive Measures - To prevent hypothermia, individuals should seek warmth, remove wet clothing, and warm core body areas if exposed to cold for extended periods [4]. - Good personal hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and wearing masks in crowded places, are essential to prevent respiratory infections during the winter season [5][6]. - Vaccination against influenza and pneumonia is recommended to bolster defenses against respiratory diseases [7].