Core Viewpoint - The discussion highlights the contrasting approaches of Western countries, particularly the U.S., and China in the fields of life sciences and biotechnology, with the former retreating from cross-border collaboration while the latter makes significant advancements [1][2]. Group 1: China's Advancements in Life Sciences - China is developing drugs and therapies based on independent innovation and a local life sciences ecosystem, which is not surprising given its population of 1.4 billion and its share of 26% to 27% of global cancer cases [2]. - The first generation of Chinese biotech companies primarily served as Contract Research Organizations (CROs), but their innovation capabilities are continuously improving [2]. - The key questions raised include how China will innovate, how it will dominate the field, and whether the U.S. and other countries are willing to participate in this evolution [2]. Group 2: U.S. Perspective and Concerns - The U.S. is broadening the concept of "national security," which may lead to a loss of cross-border innovation, particularly in biotechnology and life sciences [2]. - There is skepticism in Washington regarding China's scientific achievements, with concerns that any breakthroughs may be viewed as theft or fraud rather than genuine innovation [2]. Group 3: Misconceptions about China - The perception of China as merely a "textile factory" is outdated; instead, it is rapidly advancing in electric vehicles, batteries, and transformers [3]. - Shenzhen's hardware ecosystem is highlighted as a unique model that allows for rapid prototyping, manufacturing, and innovation, which is difficult to replicate elsewhere [3][5]. - The "China +1" strategy indicates that Chinese companies are expanding internationally while bringing their multinational partners along, further enhancing their global presence [3]. Group 4: Competitive Landscape - Taiwan excels in hardware but lacks in software integration, which poses challenges in competing with mainland China [5]. - The ability of Shenzhen to quickly iterate on product designs and integrate hardware and software effectively positions China as a leader in advanced manufacturing and automation [5]. - Other countries have attempted to replicate China's manufacturing success but have not achieved similar results, indicating China's continued dominance in this area [5].