Core Insights - The research conducted by a team from Capital Medical University and other institutions reveals the molecular mechanisms behind the health benefits of exercise, identifying the kidney as a key organ responding to exercise effects [1][2] - The study highlights the role of the endogenous metabolite betaine as a core molecular messenger in delaying aging by targeting and inhibiting the natural immune kinase TBK1, which helps to mitigate inflammation and slow down multi-organ aging processes [1][2] Group 1: Molecular Mechanisms - The research established a multi-modal spatiotemporal analysis framework to elucidate the molecular regulatory mechanisms of the "exercise paradox," showing that acute exercise activates the IL-6/cortisol axis, while long-term exercise promotes systemic anti-inflammatory homeostasis through the kidney-betain-TBK1 inhibition axis [2] - Betaine was confirmed as a key mediator of exercise-protective signals, effectively reducing TBK1 phosphorylation levels and inhibiting pro-inflammatory factor release in models of infectious inflammation and natural aging [1][2] Group 2: Practical Applications - Betaine is established as the first endogenous "exercise mimetic" with a clear mechanism, offering a potential anti-aging alternative strategy for elderly individuals who cannot tolerate long-term high-intensity exercise due to its low-dose effectiveness and good safety profile [2] - The research opens a new paradigm for the development of "endogenous metabolites mediating exercise benefits," transforming complex physiological effects into quantifiable and operable chemical language, paving the way for new approaches in aging intervention based on metabolic reprogramming [2]