Core Points - The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs is committed to promoting farmland protection and quality improvement during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, aiming to strengthen the foundation of food security [1] Group 1: Farmland Protection - The government is strictly adhering to the 1.8 billion mu farmland red line, with a national farmland area reaching 1.94 billion mu by the end of last year, an increase of 28 million mu since 2020 [1] - A new round of land spatial planning has been implemented, with strict assessments and accountability for farmland quantity [1] Group 2: High-Standard Farmland Construction - Over 1 billion mu of high-standard farmland has been constructed, with central government investment exceeding 700 billion yuan during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [2] - The average central financial input per mu has increased to over 2,000 yuan since 2020, focusing on leveling fields, ensuring water and road access, and enhancing soil quality and productivity [2] - The construction of high-standard farmland has significantly improved agricultural production capacity and efficiency, with many previously drought-prone areas now able to manage water effectively [2] Group 3: Degraded Farmland Management - Efforts are being made to address the degradation of black soil, with over 400 million mu of black soil protected and 33,000 erosion gullies treated [3] - The pH level of treated acidic farmland has improved by 0.5, leading to a 10% increase in productivity [3] - A comprehensive soil survey was initiated in 2022, covering approximately 1.1 billion mu of farmland, to provide foundational data for optimizing agricultural production [3]

耕地是粮食生产的命根子。近年来，我国加快耕地质量保护立法，实施耕地有机质提升行动，耕地保护 取得积极成效。不过，部分区域耕地质量退化仍未根本扭转。今年中央一号文件将"加强东北黑土区侵 蚀沟、南方酸化退化耕地治理"作为强化耕地保护和质量提升的重点内容。4月，《加快建设农业强国规 划（2024—2035年）》发布，强调"加强黑土地保护利用和退化耕地治理"。本期特邀专家围绕相关问题 进行研讨。 构建退化耕地综合治理体系 为什么会出现耕地退化现象？我国治理退化耕地取得了怎样的成效？ 郧文聚（自然资源部土地工程技术创新中心主任、二级研究员）：耕地是保障国家粮食安全的基石。耕 地系统的正常运行需以遵循自然生态系统运行规律为前提，配套必要的人工投入与基础设施并辅以各类 生产活动，是具有典型半自然、半人工特征的综合体。 长期以来，由于人为活动和自然因素共同作用，我国耕地退化问题突出。耕地退化是区域粮食综合生产 能力全面、系统、不可逆的恶化过程，其特征包括以下方面。其一，生产力下降，在同样的投入下，作 物产量降低、品质变差；其二，稳定性减弱，耕地物理、化学、生物性状改变，导致对干旱、洪涝等自 然灾害抵抗力下降且难以恢复；其三， ...