Core Insights - An international team led by the University of Otago in New Zealand conducted a study on the genetic status of three species of crested penguins, revealing that one species has a healthy and stable population with good genetic diversity, while the other two face serious genetic issues [1] Group 1: Genetic Diversity and Population Status - The study utilized DNA sequencing technology to analyze genetic diversity and population structure of penguin groups in New Zealand's South Island and surrounding islands [1] - The Fiordland crested penguin was found to have a rich genetic diversity and a stable population, with numbers even increasing due to their ability to forage widely in nearshore, offshore, and fiord waters [1] Group 2: Threatened Species and Climate Change - In contrast, the eastern rockhopper penguin from the Antipodes Islands exhibited extremely low genetic diversity and a continuously declining population [1] - The erect-crested penguin has differentiated into two genetic populations on the Antipodes and Bounty Islands, with the former experiencing a sharp decline while the latter remains relatively stable [1] - The study indicated that climate change may render the Antipodes Islands unsuitable for the survival of the erect-crested and eastern rockhopper penguins, potentially making the Bounty Islands the last refuge for the erect-crested penguin [1] Group 3: Conservation Recommendations - Researchers called for the development of differentiated conservation measures tailored to the specific circumstances of different populations and islands [1]

今天，我们再一次迎来国际生物多样性日。今年的主题是 "万物共生 和美永续" ，呼吁以人与自然和谐共生之 道，创和美永续之路，进而推进全球生物多样性保护治理新进程。 最早拥有三色视觉的动物是一类 非脊椎动物——节肢动物 （如昆虫、蜘蛛和甲壳类动物） 。而在4.2亿至5亿 年前， 脊椎动物 也开始具备三色视觉，使它们能够比单色视觉的生物更精准地识别猎物和捕食者，提高在 环境中的导航能力。 化石证据提供了进一步的线索。例如， 三叶虫 ——一类生活在5亿多年前的已灭绝的海洋节肢动物，就拥 有 复眼 。这一视觉结构能够探测多种光波长，使三叶虫在昏暗的海洋环境中获得进化优势，提高运动感知 能力和生存竞争力。 这些证据表明，生物在自身变得五彩斑斓之前，便已具备感知色彩的能力。 地球生命共同体的每一次脉动，都与人类命运息息相关。从灰棕、柔和的主体色彩到今日的五彩斑斓，从雄孔 雀炫目的羽毛到绚烂多姿的花朵，地球历经了一系列的进化——生命的色彩是基因密码的具象表达，是物种生 存的底层逻辑的体现。在这个过程中，生物多样性构筑了人类生存的根基。 但一个不可否认的事实是：全球众多物种的遗传多样性正在加速丧失，那些承载着适应潜能的基因宝 ...