酒精早已被证实是多种癌症的诱因之一，但仍有很多人认为"小酌怡情"，没什么大问题。 近日，一项发表在英国《癌症流行病学》上的新研究提醒，饮酒的致癌风险被人们低估了，即使适度甚 至轻度饮酒都会增加患癌风险。 《生命时报》邀请专家解读新研究，还原酒精如何给癌细胞"开绿灯"。 受访专家 四川省肿瘤医院临床营养科副主任医师 熊竹娟 四川省肿瘤医院临床营养科营养技师 邓远乐 饮酒致癌风险被低估了 在上述研究中，美国大西洋大学施密特医学院的研究团队系统分析了62项相关研究证据，探讨饮酒与癌 症风险的关系。 研究结果发现： 从生物学角度来看，酒精进入人体后，主要在肝脏中进行代谢。 酒精第一步会转化为乙醛，它是1类致癌物，能直接破坏细胞内的DNA结构，并干扰DNA的修复功能， 相当于给癌细胞"开绿灯"。 即便人体后续会将乙醛转化为无害产物排出，但只要饮酒，乙醛就会持续产生，而长期累积的DNA损 伤正是致癌的核心原因。 酒精代谢时还会产生大量活性氧自由基，引发氧化应激反应，持续损伤细胞的DNA、蛋白质与细胞 膜。 这种损伤长期积累，会导致慢性炎症，抑制免疫系统功能，增强其他致癌物的致癌效应，为癌变创造条 件。 大量研究证实，酒精 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes the significant link between alcohol consumption and an increased risk of at least seven types of cancer, as highlighted in a report by U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy [1][9][19] - Alcohol has been classified as a carcinogen for over 35 years, with accumulating evidence supporting its association with various cancers [2][6] - The report calls for cancer warning labels on alcoholic beverages, similar to those on tobacco products, to raise public awareness of the risks [1][19] Group 2 - Research indicates that alcohol consumption is linked to an increased risk of cancers such as oral, throat, esophageal, breast, colorectal, and liver cancer [9][10] - The risk of developing these cancers rises with the amount of alcohol consumed, with specific thresholds identified for different cancer types [14][16] - Studies show that even low to moderate alcohol consumption can elevate cancer risk, challenging the notion of a "safe" drinking level [15][23] Group 3 - The article discusses the complexities of defining "moderate" drinking and the challenges in weighing the enjoyment of alcohol against its health risks [3][4] - It highlights the need for clear guidelines on alcohol consumption, as different countries define standard drinking amounts differently [10][25] - The Canadian drinking guidelines suggest that no amount of alcohol is beneficial to health, and any consumption carries risks [25]