Core Viewpoint - Major scientific infrastructure is crucial for supporting original innovation and achieving high-level technological self-reliance in the context of intensified global technological competition [1][4]. Group 1: Development and Current Status - China's major scientific infrastructure has developed into a world-class system through national planning and a phased approach, with facilities like the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility and the Spallation Neutron Source leading internationally [2][3]. - The current trend is towards systematization, digitalization, and internationalization, integrating technologies like 5G and AI to enhance operational efficiency and facilitate global scientific collaboration [2][3]. Group 2: Strategic Importance - Major scientific infrastructure plays a core role in basic research and industrial applications, providing essential support for fields such as quantum materials and AI training, thereby enhancing the innovation chain from research to application [3][4]. - It serves as a key link in optimizing resource allocation for regional coordinated development, fostering innovation ecosystems across different regions of China [3][4]. Group 3: Challenges and Structural Issues - Despite advancements, China's major scientific infrastructure faces structural challenges, including a tendency to prioritize construction over research and issues with resource allocation and collaboration [6][7]. - There is a need for a systematic approach to overcome these challenges and fully activate the strategic potential of major scientific infrastructure [6][7]. Group 4: Future Directions and Recommendations - To achieve the goal of becoming a technological powerhouse by 2035, major scientific infrastructure must transition from scale expansion to quality enhancement, focusing on strategic areas like quantum technology and deep space exploration [7][8]. - Recommendations include strengthening top-level design, enhancing collaborative mechanisms, innovating funding models, and restructuring talent cultivation systems to better support the infrastructure's capabilities [7][8].