◎记者 刘立 在全球粮食安全战略地位持续提升的背景下，钾肥作为农业生产的关键要素，其市场供需格局持续偏 紧，价格中枢稳步上移。 据百川盈孚数据，截至11月10日，氯化钾国内市场均价3237元/吨，较年初上涨28.66%，同比上涨 34.37%；11月7日，氯化钾行业毛利润为1164元/吨，与去年同期相比，每吨行业毛利润增加约400元。 "现在钾肥市场价格呈现小幅拉涨的态势，其中东北地区价格涨幅最为明显，前期低价货源已逐渐减 少。国内主要钾肥生产企业凭借资源掌控、成本与产能优势，有望在第四季度延续业绩增长势头。"一 位资深行业研究员对上海证券报记者表示。 市场供需紧平衡延续 从资源分布看，目前全球钾矿储量超过48亿吨，主要分布在加拿大、老挝、俄罗斯和白俄罗斯，占比合 计达79%。产量主要来自加拿大、俄罗斯、白俄罗斯，合计占全球总产量65%。据百川盈孚数据，2024 年，我国钾肥进口量1263万吨，同比增加9.07%，进口依存度超60%。 据业内人士透露，从9月下旬开始的秋季农忙带动国内肥料需求攀升，而在供给端，国际化肥厂商减产 效应开始显现。年初白俄罗斯钾肥厂宣布停产检修7个月，此后俄罗斯乌拉尔钾肥公司三座矿山 ...

Summary of Conference Call on Potash Industry Industry Overview - The conference call primarily discusses the potash fertilizer industry, focusing on the supply and pricing dynamics influenced by geopolitical events and market conditions [1][2][5]. Key Points and Arguments 1. **Current Supply Status**: - China's potash supply remains stable in the short term, with approximately 110,000 tons of potassium chloride shipped via the China-Europe Railway in September, marking the highest volume in three months despite being slightly below average levels [1][5]. - The closure of the Poland-Belarus border has not significantly impacted potash deliveries yet, but it may lead to reduced shipping volumes in the future [2][17]. 2. **Price Trends**: - Port prices for potassium chloride have slightly decreased by about 200 RMB per ton, reflecting weak market demand and the impact of state reserve releases [1][7]. - The current guidance price for 62% potassium chloride is 3,150 RMB per ton at ports, providing a market support level [8]. 3. **Demand Dynamics**: - There is a notable differentiation in demand for various fertilizers; urea demand remains relatively strong, while potash and phosphate fertilizers face pressure [1][9]. - The agricultural planting guidance influences fertilizer demand, with low-priced fertilizers seeing increased demand, particularly for high-value crops that require more potash [11]. 4. **Future Cost Projections**: - Import costs for potash are expected to rise in Q4 and into 2026, with anticipated contract prices ranging from 340 to 350 USD per ton [3][5]. - The average monthly import volume is expected to stabilize around 150,000 to 200,000 tons, with September's volume being below this average [6]. 5. **Market Challenges**: - Domestic urea production is facing oversupply issues, leading to prices that are lower than international levels, creating a vicious cycle of price reductions among local manufacturers [10]. - The nitrogen fertilizer association is actively discussing solutions, but significant improvements are not expected in the short term due to strong policy influences [10]. 6. **Impact of New Projects**: - The expansion of the Laos project by Asia Potash International to 5 million tons will significantly impact the Asia-Pacific market, although it is not expected to drastically affect global prices in the short term [3][16]. 7. **Long-term Price Stability**: - Future price fluctuations for potash are anticipated to increase in frequency but with reduced amplitude, leading to a more stable price environment compared to previous years [14][18]. 8. **Key Factors to Monitor**: - Attention should be focused on the outcomes of major contract negotiations and actual port delivery volumes, as these will significantly influence market trends [20]. Additional Important Insights - The agricultural policy adjustments post-pandemic have led to a decrease in overall fertilizer usage, impacting demand across various types of fertilizers [11]. - The ongoing geopolitical tensions and their effects on supply chains remain a critical area for monitoring, particularly regarding the Belarus and Russia potash supply dynamics [2][17].

Summary of Potash Market Outlook and Key Insights Industry Overview - The potash market is experiencing a significant price increase, with prices rising approximately 26% year-on-year due to strong production cuts from Belarus and the establishment of large contracts in China and India [2][3][4]. Key Points Price Trends - Short-term price expectations indicate a stabilization phase from June to July, with port prices projected to fluctuate between 3,000 and 3,200 RMB during the autumn demand period in August and September [2][3]. - A rebound in demand is anticipated in October and November, with high volatility expected in prices [3][4]. - The price is not expected to fall below the range of 2,900 to 2,950 RMB in the near term [5]. Demand and Supply Dynamics - The autumn potash market is expected to see a total demand of around 9 million tons, driven by an increase in planting area [6]. - Port inventories have fallen below the safety line of 250,000 tons, positively impacting market sentiment, although demand dispersion may limit price increases [2][6]. - Domestic potash supply is constrained, with significant reductions from local producers like Zangge Holdings, which will halt production for a month, reducing supply by approximately 100,000 tons [12]. International Factors - Geopolitical tensions, particularly between Israel and Iran, and the ongoing Ukraine-Russia conflict, are likely to impact global potash supply and shipping costs [9][11]. - Russian Ural's production cuts of 700,000 tons in Q3 and an annual reduction of about 1 million tons are expected to tighten global supply further [9]. Long-term Outlook - For the latter half of 2025, potash prices are projected to remain high, with fluctuations of around 100 RMB expected during the winter storage period [8]. - The price of methanol is anticipated to stabilize between 2,800 and 3,300 RMB, influenced by the cost of Laotian potash and national reserve adjustments [10]. Policy and Market Structure - National policies have a varying impact on the fertilizer market, with less control over autumn fertilizers compared to spring fertilizers [7]. - The large contracts signed by China are crucial, as they provide a price advantage over spot market prices, ensuring agricultural cost efficiency and supply security [14]. Import and Trade Dynamics - China's border trade for potash remains stable, with approximately 700,000 to 800,000 tons imported in the first half of 2025 [19]. - The pricing of border trade potash is slightly lower than large contracts, but the impact on domestic prices is minimal due to the market's centralized nature [21][22]. Inventory and Supply Challenges - The replenishment of port inventories is expected to take at least two months, with limited supply from Laos posing challenges [23]. - Factors influencing potash prices include autumn fertilizer demand, food security policies, and global supply gaps [23][24]. Conclusion - The potash market is characterized by rising prices driven by supply constraints and geopolitical factors. The outlook suggests continued high prices into 2026, with significant attention needed on international developments and domestic supply dynamics.