Core Viewpoint - Ferroelectric materials are crucial for various electromechanical devices due to their excellent piezoelectric properties, enabling efficient conversion between electrical and mechanical energy [2][3][5]. Group 1: Development and Applications - Over the past century, a variety of ferroelectric materials have been developed, including lead zirconate titanate ceramics, lead-free ceramics, aluminum nitride films, and ferroelectric polymers based on polyvinylidene fluoride [2]. - These innovations have expanded the range of applications for ferroelectric materials and provided greater flexibility in device design, benefiting numerous piezoelectric devices such as cooling fans in smartphones and ultrasound transducers [2][5]. - The review paper published by Professor Li Fei highlights the reliance of small electromechanical devices, like speakers and motors in smartphones, on ferroelectric materials, which deform under an electric field [3]. Group 2: Research Progress and Future Directions - Recent research has focused on enhancing the piezoelectric performance of ferroelectric materials, proposing strategies to meet the growing demand for high-performance piezoelectric devices and systems [6]. - The review also emphasizes the need to consider the environmental impact of ferroelectric materials throughout their lifecycle, from raw material acquisition to manufacturing, usage, and disposal [6]. Group 3: Market Relevance - The current and emerging piezoelectric devices in the 3C (computer, communication, and consumer electronics) sector illustrate the diversity of piezoelectric applications, particularly in consumer electronics like smartphones [8].