尽管高市早苗最终当选，但在参议院选举首轮投票中，高市早苗未能获得过半数议员支持，不得不进入 第二轮。参议院选举波折说明什么？自民党与维新会的"阁外合作"有何风险？各方如何看待"自维执政 联盟"新政权？ 新华社东京10月21日电 热点问答｜日本"阁外合作"新政权隐患几何 新华社记者李子越 陈泽安 日本临时国会21日举行首相指名选举。自民党总裁高市早苗在自民党与日本维新会的共同支持下，在众 参两院选举中胜出，当选日本第104任首相，也是日本首位女首相。 作为同意联合执政的条件，维新会要求高市早苗在国会中力促众议院议席数削减约10%；双方还将就废 除企业和团体政治献金的问题设立协商机制，并力争在高市早苗担任自民党总裁期间达成共识。 这种松散的"阁外合作"模式被日媒普遍认为是维新会的"抽身战略"。维新会旨在与自民党保持一定距 离，以便在政策分歧或民意有变时能随时划清界限，避免承担政治风险。若入阁，则须对预算案及重大 方针与自民党共同承担责任。 日媒认为，此次自维两党的结合"难以消除单纯为凑足议席数而结盟的印象"。近年来，维新会党势明显 下滑。去年众议院和今年参议院选举表现均未达预期，且近期接连有议员离党，党内凝聚力下 ...

Group 1 - High City Sanao has successfully formed a cabinet, becoming Japan's 104th Prime Minister with 237 votes in the first round of the House of Representatives' election, surpassing the majority threshold [1] - The political alliance with the Osaka Restoration Association is characterized as "outside the cabinet cooperation," meaning they maintain their status as an opposition party while supporting High City [2][3] - The new coalition differs fundamentally from the previous Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and Komeito alliance, as the Osaka Restoration Association does not intend to share the same fate as the LDP in case of political scandals [2] Group 2 - High City Sanao's cabinet appointments include many veteran politicians, indicating a lack of ability to weaken the influence of traditional factions within the LDP [4] - The cabinet's composition suggests that High City may focus more on social issues rather than foreign policy, as she appointed several junior officials to key positions [5] - High City faces significant challenges in implementing her core policy proposals, such as constitutional amendments and economic growth targets, given the current political landscape and her minority government status [6]

Group 1 - The relationship between the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and the Japan Innovation Party (JIP) is strengthening, with potential cooperation models including joint cabinet members and policy agreements, which will impact the stability of governance [2][4] - On October 17, LDP President Sanae Takaichi and JIP representative Fumitake Fujita held a second policy consultation regarding the Prime Minister's nomination election and joint governance, with significant progress reported [4] - JIP's Yoshimura indicated that if an agreement on reducing the number of parliamentary seats is not reached, they will not join the ruling coalition, while LDP seeks to form a "complete version" of a coalition government [4][7] Group 2 - The "complete version" of cooperation involves signing policy agreements and having JIP members in the cabinet, which means both parties share responsibility for governance [7] - The relationship between LDP and Komeito has lasted for 26 years, with cooperation on budget proposals and election candidate recommendations, but this does not guarantee long-term governance stability [7][9] - The next level of cooperation is "outside cabinet cooperation," where no cabinet members are appointed, but policy agreements are signed, allowing participation in governance [7][8] Group 3 - The loosest form of cooperation is called "partial alliance," where the ruling party negotiates specific policies with opposition parties, often necessary when the ruling party lacks a majority [9] - The 2024 government led by Ishihara is expected to adopt this cooperative structure due to LDP and Komeito's defeat in the House of Representatives elections, leading to a minority government [9]

Core Viewpoint - The Japan Restoration Party, represented by Yoshimura Hirofumi, has reached a preliminary agreement with the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) to establish a coalition government, focusing on 12 key policy areas [2][5]. Group 1: Coalition Agreement - Yoshimura announced that the negotiations on 12 items have largely reached consensus, and a formal coalition agreement will be signed [2][4]. - The coalition is expected to be an "outside cabinet cooperation," meaning the Japan Restoration Party will not send members to the cabinet [4][5]. - A meeting between Yoshimura and LDP President Takagi Sanae is scheduled to finalize the coalition agreement [4][5]. Group 2: Policy Negotiations - The Japan Restoration Party is advocating for a 10% reduction in the number of members in the National Diet, which the LDP leadership is open to discussing under certain conditions [6]. - There is ongoing discussion regarding a two-year zero consumption tax rate on food, with potential for compromise through cross-party negotiations [6]. - The party is also pushing for a ban on political donations from corporations and organizations, which will continue to be a topic of negotiation [6]. Group 3: Political Context - The agreement with the LDP is crucial ahead of the prime ministerial nomination election scheduled for October 21, where Takagi is expected to be elected as prime minister if the agreement is finalized [5][7]. - The Japan Restoration Party's internal meetings have shown overwhelming support for the outside cabinet cooperation approach, with no significant opposition expressed [5].