Core Viewpoint - The "Action Plan for the Adjustment and Optimization of Higher Education Disciplines and Majors (2025-2027)" emphasizes the need for a systematic approach to optimize academic disciplines and majors in higher education, aligning them with national strategic needs and technological development [1][2]. Group 1: Optimization of Academic Disciplines - The recent "Action Plan" continues to enhance the optimization of academic disciplines in ordinary higher education, expanding this optimization to vocational higher education [2]. - It proposes an innovative directory management mechanism to shorten adjustment cycles and strengthen the coordination among graduate, undergraduate, and vocational disciplines [2][3]. Group 2: Support for Fundamental Disciplines - The plan calls for increased support for fundamental disciplines, particularly through the "Strong Foundation Program," which aims to expand enrollment and explore new talent cultivation models [3]. - There is a need to change the perception of fundamental disciplines as "less popular" and to enhance employment opportunities for graduates in these fields [3]. Group 3: Differentiated Development Mechanism - The plan suggests a differentiated development mechanism to promote the construction of fundamental, applied, and strategic disciplines, allowing institutions to optimize their academic offerings based on their specific educational positioning [3]. - It emphasizes the importance of maintaining institutional autonomy and reforming educational evaluations to support differentiated and characteristic education [3].

Core Viewpoint - The "Action Plan for Adjustment and Optimization of Higher Education Discipline and Major Settings (2025-2027)" emphasizes the need for a systematic approach to optimize discipline and major settings in higher education, aligning them with national strategic needs and technological development [1][2]. Group 1: Optimization of Higher Education - The recent "Action Plan" continues to optimize discipline and major settings in higher education, expanding the focus from ordinary higher education to vocational higher education [2]. - It proposes an innovative directory management mechanism to shorten adjustment cycles and enhance coordination among graduate, undergraduate, and vocational disciplines [2][3]. - The plan encourages universities to align their educational offerings with national and societal talent demands while maintaining quality and uniqueness [2][3]. Group 2: Support for Fundamental Disciplines - The plan calls for increased support for fundamental disciplines, particularly through the "Strong Foundation Program" to expand enrollment and explore new talent cultivation models [3]. - It addresses the societal perception of fundamental disciplines as "less popular" and aims to broaden employment options for graduates in these fields [3]. - The document highlights the importance of differentiated talent cultivation models for various disciplines, advocating for a tailored approach rather than a one-size-fits-all model [3]. Group 3: Institutional Autonomy and Evaluation Reform - To maintain their educational positioning, universities must enhance their autonomy and advance educational evaluation reforms [3]. - The plan emphasizes the role of academic committees in optimizing discipline settings, discouraging a trend of favoring "popular" majors over "less popular" ones [3].