Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a recent study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, which indicates that China is emerging as a global leader in science, particularly in collaboration with the United States [2][4]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study analyzed 6 million papers using machine learning to assess the leadership roles of Chinese scientists in international collaborations, revealing that as of 2023, Chinese leaders in US-China collaborations have increased to 45% and are expected to reach parity by 2027-2028 [4][21]. - By 2030, China is projected to achieve equal leadership status with the US in strategic fields such as AI, semiconductors, energy, and materials science [5][6]. Group 2: Methodology - The research employed a three-step approach to quantify "leadership" in scientific collaborations, defining leadership roles and scoring scientists based on nine predictive features [12][18]. - The nine dimensions for scoring included past citation counts, research overlap with keywords, self-citation rates, years of academic experience, total publications, cumulative citations, unique keyword counts, author order, and institutional academic ranking [15][17]. Group 3: Implications - The findings suggest a significant shift in the global scientific leadership landscape, with China rapidly increasing its share of leadership roles in international collaborations [20][21]. - The study's results have sparked discussions in the West about the potential decline of Western dominance in science, as exemplified by recent funding issues faced by prominent scientists in the US [26][27].