Equity Research Thematic Investing 3 July 2025 Thematic Investing Critical Raw Materials: Three strategies to strengthen supply chains Although China is the key player in CRM mining and refining, we see Europe and the US adopting initiatives to strengthen domestic CRM chains. We update our company landscape to highlight c.60 listed companies exposed to CRM substitution, exploration and/or recycling. Demand for critical minerals is being driven by more than the green transition. Powering AI (Global trade: Mi ...

Core Viewpoint - Pulsar Helium Inc. has signed an agreement with Sproule-ERCE to conduct a Pre-Feasibility Study for the Tunu helium-geothermal project in East Greenland, marking a significant milestone for the company as it advances one of the few primary helium occurrences in Europe [1][2]. Company Overview - Pulsar Helium Inc. is a leading helium project development company, publicly traded on the AIM market, TSX Venture Exchange, and OTCQB [11]. - The company holds exclusive rights for helium exploration in Greenland and has identified primary helium occurrences not associated with hydrocarbons [6][11]. Tunu Project Details - The Tunu Project is located on the east coast of Greenland, near Ittoqqortoormiit, and features helium concentrations in hot springs reaching up to 0.8% [5]. - The project also shows significant geothermal energy potential, with reservoir temperatures estimated between 80°C and 110°C, allowing for potential cogeneration of power and heat [5]. - A passive seismic survey conducted in 2024 identified two main low-velocity anomaly zones, indicating potential helium trapping reservoirs [6]. Pre-Feasibility Study (PFS) - The PFS will evaluate geothermal opportunities alongside potential helium extraction, utilizing advanced geophysical data interpretation [7]. - Sproule-ERCE, with a strong track record in geothermal resource assessment, will lead the study, which is expected to be completed by the end of August 2025 [7]. - The PFS aims to provide a robust technical and economic foundation for future project decisions [7]. Licensing and Regulatory Status - Pulsar holds Special Mineral Exploration Licence 2021-45 and has applied for an exclusive exploration licence for part of the licence area, which is currently in 'License Pending' status [8]. - The new licence will have an initial term of five years, extendable to a maximum of 22 years, subject to certain conditions [8].

Core Viewpoint - Leading Edge Materials Corp. is positioning itself as a significant player in the European critical raw materials (CRM) sector, focusing on heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and natural graphite amidst increasing geopolitical uncertainties and supply chain challenges [2][3][4]. Group 1: Industry Context - The G7 Critical Minerals Action Plan emphasizes the need for diversifying the production and supply of critical minerals, encouraging investments, and promoting innovation to protect economic and national security [3]. - Geopolitical tensions and reliance on China for HREE imports highlight the urgency for Europe to establish a secure and independent supply chain for critical minerals [12][13]. Group 2: Company Developments - Leading Edge Materials is advancing its Norra Kärr project, a globally significant source of HREEs, with production expected to start within 3-4 years [5]. - The company has received ownership and operational permits for the Avram Iancu mine in Romania, enhancing its operational autonomy and recognition of its investments in the region [6][7]. - The application for a new 25-year mining lease in Sweden is under consultation, with the company addressing feedback from County Administrative Boards regarding environmental impact assessments [9][10]. Group 3: Environmental and Community Engagement - The company is committed to sustainable mining practices, reducing the land area of its new application by 65% compared to the previous one, and ensuring chemical processing occurs off-site to mitigate pollution risks [13][14]. - Social acceptance and transparency towards the local community are prioritized in the development of the Norra Kärr project [13]. Group 4: Future Prospects - Pre-feasibility studies for Norra Kärr are underway, with promising results from testwork on mineralogy and chemical composition expected to inform market strategies [16]. - The Woxna Graphite mine is being evaluated for a potential restart, with ongoing tests aimed at optimizing graphite production [17][18]. - Exploration at the Bihor Sud project is progressing, with a focus on defining a large-scale, mineable mineral resource, particularly in promising areas for zinc-lead-copper-silver mineralization [19][20].

Euro Sun is a Toronto Stock Exchange-listed mining company focused on the exploration and development of its 100%-owned Rovina Valley Project located in west-central Romania, which hosts the second largest copper & gold deposit in Europe. TORONTO, May 07, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Euro Sun Mining Inc. (TSX: ESM) ("Euro Sun" or the "Company") is pleased to report continued progress on its Rovina Valley Project in Romania, which was recently designated as a strategic asset under the European Union's Critical R ...