Summary of Lineage's Update / Briefing (December 08, 2025) Company Overview - **Company**: Lineage (NasdaqGS:LINE) - **Industry**: Cold storage and logistics - **Key Metrics**: - Largest company in the cold storage industry - 3.1 billion cubic feet of warehousing capacity - Generated approximately $1.3 billion in EBITDA last year - Operates 488 facilities across 19 countries, totaling 86 million sq ft [3][4] Core Points and Arguments Warehouse Productivity Initiatives - Introduction of **LinOS**, a next-generation warehouse execution platform aimed at enhancing productivity and operational efficiency [1][2] - Labor expenses account for 60% of total operating expenses, with a focus on improving productivity as a key lever for cost control [4] - Lineage estimates it transports or stores about 30% of temperature-controlled food in the U.S. [4] Supply and Demand Dynamics - Public refrigerated warehouse supply grew by approximately 14.5% from 2021 to 2025, but is expected to slow to 1.5% in 2026 [6] - Demand for food categories stored in Lineage's warehouses grew cumulatively by 5% during the same period, despite high consumer price inflation [7] - Estimated excess capacity in the U.S. market is about 9.5%, with an average physical occupancy of 75% in 2025 [8] Competitive Landscape - New supply is concentrated in select U.S. markets, while European and Asia-Pacific markets are not experiencing similar pressures [9] - Anticipation of new competitors exiting the market due to high operational complexities and costs [11] Digital Transformation and Technology - Lineage has invested significantly in technology and digital enablement over the last decade, focusing on unifying data and modernizing systems [22] - LinOS serves as a real-time decision engine that optimizes labor dispatching, pallet routing, and dock allocation, leading to increased throughput [25][26] - The platform has shown a 30% lift in high-reach operator productivity and a 5% reduction in total labor costs across pilot sites [49][50] Value Creation Levers - Focus on customer excellence, capital allocation, and network effects as key drivers for shareholder value [14][59] - Anticipated annualized EBITDA impact of $110 million from LinOS initiatives over the next three to five years, with a projected 24% return on invested capital (ROIC) [65][74] Other Important Insights - Lineage's approach to continuous improvement through a lean operating system has resulted in over 50% reduction in employee turnover [17] - The company has implemented a stock ownership program to foster an owner mindset among employees [17] - The use of AI-driven controls for energy optimization is expected to lower operating costs significantly [24] - The company is strategically positioned with a diversified real estate portfolio, making it difficult for competitors to replicate its scale and efficiency [12][13] This summary encapsulates the key points discussed during the briefing, highlighting Lineage's strategic initiatives, market dynamics, and technological advancements aimed at enhancing productivity and shareholder value.

Company Overview - Lineage operates 488 warehouses with 3.1 billion cubic feet of space and approximately 86 million square feet across 19 countries[10] - The company's annual operating expense is $2.4 billion, including $1.4 billion in labor and $0.2 billion in energy[10] - Lineage's 2024 Adjusted EBITDA was $1.3 billion[10] Market Dynamics - The estimated US new PRW (Public Refrigerated Warehouse) supply from 2021-2025 is projected to increase by 14.5%[15] - Estimated demand is at 5%, resulting in an excess capacity of 9.5%[15] - Lineage's total physical occupancy is at 78%[15] LinOS and Technology - Lineage expects LinOS to deliver $180 million of NOI (Net Operating Income) upside by 2030[64] - The company plans to implement LinOS at over 250 warehouses by 2029[55] - Initial High Reach Operations (HRO) pilots have driven a +30% average unit per hour improvement[98] Labor and Productivity - Team member turnover has decreased from 56% in 2022 to 25% YTD in 2025[34] - LinOS implementation has shown a 5% average improvement in total labor/throughput pallet[98] Investment and Returns - The total cumulative project investment in LinOS is projected to be approximately $450 million[113] - The base case estimate for annualized savings in 3-5 years is $110 million, with a 24% ROIC (Return on Invested Capital)[113]