Core Argument - The presentation explores the relationship between tradition and modernity, suggesting they are not opposing forces but rather cyclical and interconnected elements [2][3][4] - It emphasizes that every modern concept emerges from a preceding tradition, and every tradition can be seen as the modern iteration of earlier traditions [4] Allegory in Folk Music - Folk music utilizes allegory in two primary ways: through the allegorical instrumentality of musical instruments and through allegorical narratives within the music itself [6] - Instruments like the *saz* (a stringed instrument) can convey meaning through their construction, such as the number of strings or holes, which may hold cultural or religious significance [8][9] - In folk songs, the *saz* is often personified and used as a vehicle for expressing ideas, with the musician claiming, "I am not speaking, my *saz* is speaking" [9][10] Aşık Veysel as a Symbol - Aşık Veysel, a prominent figure in Turkish folk music, embodies the fusion of tradition and modernity, symbolized by his traditional *saz* paired with a modern fedora hat [11][12][13] - His famous song "Uzun İnce Bir Yoldayım" ("I am on a long, narrow road") uses allegorical language to reflect on life's journey [14][15] Interpreting Allegorical Expressions - Folk music contains allegorical expressions using elements like celestial bodies, landscapes, flora, fauna, and everyday objects, but their interpretation requires careful consideration [17][18] - Symbols such as doors, windows, roads, chimneys, numbers, and body parts may have hidden, esoteric meanings, particularly in *deyişler*, *tevhitler*, and *devriyeler* (types of Sufi devotional songs) [19] The Case of Aşık Sıtkı Baba's "Devriye" - Aşık Sıtkı Baba's *devriye* is rich in meaning and requires extensive knowledge to decipher its esoteric and Sufi content [20] - A misinterpretation of a line in his *devriye*, where "14 years" was mistakenly rendered as "14,000% years," led to extensive analysis by theologians, anthropologists, and sociologists [21][22][23] Re-evaluating Tradition - Re-examining tradition involves not only incorporating new sounds and styles but also correcting errors, distinguishing between genuine folklore and fabricated traditions, and recognizing invented traditions [25] - Tradition serves as a blueprint for the future, and the future is a reflection of tradition [25]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the evolution and current state of the Chinese folk music scene, particularly focusing on the impact of popular songs like "South of the South" and the artists behind them, highlighting the tension between artistic integrity and commercial success [4][11][20]. Group 1: Popularity of Folk Music - The peak popularity of folk music occurred between 2013 and 2017, largely due to the "Folk Music Three Illusions" represented by songs like "South of the South" [6][14]. - The rise of folk music was significantly influenced by television shows, with "South of the South" gaining fame through performances on "The Voice of China" [8][11]. - Folk music's mainstream success has led to a perception that it lacks depth, with artists like Ma Di expressing discomfort with their most popular works [11][19]. Group 2: The Dichotomy of Folk Music - The article contrasts the concepts of "circulation" and "popularity" in folk music, suggesting that while folk music has become popular, it may not reflect the true essence of the genre [12][13]. - Artists like Ma Di and Zhao Lei have moved away from their earlier hits, seeking to create music that resonates more deeply with their artistic values rather than commercial trends [20][19]. - The influx of new artists into the folk scene has led to a proliferation of songs that mimic earlier hits, further complicating the genre's evolution [18][19]. Group 3: Challenges Facing Folk Music - The article notes that while folk music has enjoyed periods of popularity, it faces challenges in maintaining relevance against genres like rock and rap, which have seen a resurgence [24][25]. - The technical aspects of folk music are often criticized, with the genre perceived as easier to produce compared to rock or rap, leading to a decline in its artistic credibility [27][29]. - Despite efforts to revitalize folk music through various platforms, such as the "Our Folk Music" show, the genre struggles to capture the same audience engagement as other music styles [26][30].