Core Viewpoint - The introduction of Lenacapavir, a groundbreaking HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) drug requiring only two doses per year, marks a significant advancement in HIV prevention efforts in China, addressing a critical public health issue with over 100,000 new infections annually in the country [1][3]. Group 1: Product Launch and Availability - Gilead China announced the official launch of Lenacapavir in the Boao Lecheng International Medical Tourism Pilot Zone, with approval received on June 30 for use in adults and adolescents weighing at least 35 kg at risk of HIV-1 infection [1]. - Starting July 25, individuals can make appointments for Lenacapavir through designated institutions such as Boao Super Hospital and Boao Yiling Life Care Center [1]. Group 2: Public Health Context - HIV remains a major public health challenge globally, with China projected to account for 7.8% of new HIV infections worldwide in 2024 [1]. - The World Health Organization has set a target to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030, emphasizing the need for comprehensive prevention strategies to cover 95% of those at risk by 2025 [3]. Group 3: Importance of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis - Experts highlight that transitioning from treatment-centered approaches to proactive prevention strategies is crucial for effectively controlling HIV spread in China [3][4]. - The introduction of Lenacapavir, which has shown nearly 100% efficacy in preventing HIV in various populations, is expected to improve adherence among high-risk individuals due to its less frequent dosing schedule [4]. Group 4: Challenges and Future Directions - Despite the availability of long-acting prevention drugs like Lenacapavir, there is a need for increased awareness and education about pre-exposure prophylaxis to enhance its uptake among at-risk populations [4]. - The ongoing stigma surrounding HIV may hinder individuals from seeking preventive care, necessitating innovative approaches to resource allocation and outreach in healthcare settings [4].