Core Viewpoint - The traditional logic that central bank interest rate hikes lead to currency appreciation does not apply to Japan, where the Bank of Japan raised rates twice in 2025 by a total of 50 basis points, yet the yen depreciated significantly against the USD [1][3]. Economic Indicators - Japan's current GDP is 4026 billion, with a GDP growth rate of -0.60% and an interest rate of 0.75%, which is significantly lower than the US (3.75%), China (3%), and Germany (2.15%) [2][7]. - The inflation rate in Japan stands at 2.90%, with a jobless rate of 2.60% [2][7]. Currency Dynamics - Despite the interest rate hikes, the yen remains a "funding currency," as financial institutions borrow yen at low rates and convert it to higher-yielding currencies and assets, leading to capital outflows from Japan [2][8]. - The depreciation of the yen during the Bank of Japan's rate hikes indicates that other impactful factors are influencing its value [1][3]. Future Projections - It is anticipated that the Bank of Japan will raise rates twice more in 2026, each by 25 basis points, potentially bringing the benchmark rate to 1.25% by year-end [3][9]. - With the Federal Reserve expected to cut rates by a total of 75 basis points in 2026, the interest rate differential between Japan and the US may narrow significantly, which could lead to a potential appreciation of the yen [9]. Market Sentiment - There is a prevailing view that the Bank of Japan's rate hikes may be a short-term measure due to unstable inflation, which could lead to a larger recession in Japan, contributing to the ongoing depreciation of the yen [3][9]. Market Analysis - In the short term, the USDJPY is experiencing a corrective phase, with a recent low of 157.95, showing signs of support but still facing potential downward movement [6][12].

The dollar index (DXY00) is down -0.30%, falling back from last Friday's 1-week high.  The dollar continues to see underlying weakness as the FOMC is expected to cut interest rates by about -50 bp in 2026, while the BOJ is expected to raise rates by another +25 bp in 2026, and the ECB is expected to leave rates unchanged in 2026. The dollar is also under pressure as the Fed boosts liquidity in the financial system, having begun purchasing $40 billion a month in T-bills in mid-December.  The dollar is als ...

Core Viewpoint - The dollar index is experiencing downward pressure due to falling U.S. interest rates and rising debt levels, indicating that it has not yet found a bottom [1][2]. Group 1: Dollar Index Performance - The dollar index was trading at 97.77 on July 21, 2025, and has shown little movement over the past two months, with potential for lower lows as U.S. rates decline [2]. - The dollar index has declined 12.5% from a high of 110.17 on January 13, 2025, to a low of 96.37 on July 1, 2025 [3]. - Since July 24, the index has consolidated within a range of 96.22 to 100.26, currently around 97.50, close to critical technical support at 96.22 [4]. Group 2: Interest Rate Dynamics - The interest rate differential between the U.S. dollar and the euro significantly influences the dollar index, with the euro making up 57.6% of the index [5]. - The Federal Reserve cut the short-term Fed Funds Rate by 25 basis points to a midpoint of 4.125% during the September 18 FOMC meeting, with expectations for further reductions due to rising unemployment and low inflation [5][6]. - The Fed is likely to continue reducing rates, influenced by the upcoming appointment of a new Chairman in early 2026, which may align with the administration's preference for lower short-term rates [7][8].