Core Viewpoint - The valuation of Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKEX) is projected to have a lower limit of 30 times PE and an upper limit approaching 70 times, driven by fundamentals and liquidity [1] Valuation History - Historical PE ranges for HKEX: 2014-2015 PE ranged from 29 to 67, benefiting from the launch of Stock Connect and easing investment restrictions; 2017-2018 PE ranged from 28 to 54, influenced by the opening of Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect and tightening liquidity due to U.S.-China tensions; 2020-2021 PE ranged from 29 to 68, with reforms attracting new economy and Chinese concept stocks [1] - Current PE for HKEX is at 38 times, with a favorable outlook due to the Federal Reserve's interest rate cuts and support from mainland China [1] Market Dynamics - The core factor for HKEX's profitability is Average Daily Turnover (ADT), calculated as total market capitalization multiplied by turnover rate [1] - Recent reforms at HKEX aim to attract A/H listed companies and facilitate the return of Chinese concept stocks, increasing the market capitalization of new economy sectors from 17% in 2018 to 35% in 2025 YTD [1] - Southbound capital inflows are enhancing ADT and turnover rates, driven by low interest rates and asset scarcity in mainland China, leading to increased participation from long-term institutional investors and individual investors [1] Financial Projections - The company is rated as a buy, with a projected upside of 24% based on relative PE valuation, targeting a PE of 42 times and a market value of HKD 692 billion [2] - Expected net profits for the company from 2025 to 2027 are estimated at HKD 165 billion, 179 billion, and 188 billion, reflecting year-on-year growth of 26%, 9%, and 5% respectively [2]