Core Insights - The "14th Five-Year Plan" has marked a significant transition for China, moving from being a technology follower to a leader in key industrial sectors, thereby reshaping its relationship with the global economy [2][3]. Group 1: Technological Advancements - During the "14th Five-Year Plan," China has achieved breakthroughs in becoming a technology leader in several critical industries, including telecommunications, electric vehicles, solar panels, wind energy, drones, industrial control systems, batteries, and artificial intelligence [2][3]. - This shift indicates that China is no longer just a supplier of replaceable medium-tech products but plays an irreplaceable role in other countries' critical infrastructure, such as power systems and transportation networks [3]. Group 2: R&D Investment - China's R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP stands at 2.6%, significantly higher than that of other developing countries and surpassing three G7 economies, although it still lags behind the US and other G7 nations [4]. - The effectiveness of R&D investments is not immediately visible, as the correlation between R&D spending and economic growth is low, with a negative correlation of -0.31 among the world's top ten economies [5]. Group 3: Future Outlook - To maintain its leading position in new productive forces, China must continue to increase its R&D investment ratio and sustain its investment levels relative to the US and Western economies [6]. - The ongoing transition to renewable energy and sustainable transportation systems will take decades, and China's advancements in these areas will contribute to organic growth and a more central role in the global economy [3].