在实验中，团队选用聚多巴胺这一合成黑色素作为染料，并通过等离子体蚀刻去除纤维表层部分物 质，形成尖刺状纳米纤维。光线在纤维间多次反射而不易逸出，从而实现卓越的吸光效果。 美国康奈尔大学研究人员受鸟类羽毛启发，制备出目前已知最黑的纺织面料。该工艺适用于羊毛、 丝绸、棉等天然纤维。相关论文发表于新一期《自然·通讯》杂志。 "超黑"材料通常指光线反射率低于0.5%的物质，在相机镜头、太阳能电池板及天文望远镜等领域具 有重要应用价值。然而，这类材料不仅制备困难，且往往在特定视角下会出现反光变浅的问题。 该方法不仅制备出当前最黑的织物，且工艺简单、易于推广。所得面料穿着舒适，黑色效果稳定， 不随观察角度改变而减弱。 研究显示，丽色掩鼻风鸟羽毛的深黑色源于其中丰富的黑色素与紧密排列的羽小枝结构，后者能使 光线在内部反复偏转、几乎被完全吸收。类似的超黑结构也存在于某些鱼类与蝴蝶身上。 团队从丽色掩鼻风鸟羽毛的深邃黑色中获得灵感。他们先以聚多巴胺对白色美利奴羊毛针织物进行 染色，再通过等离子体蚀刻技术在纤维表面构建纳米结构。这些结构模仿了丽色掩鼻风鸟羽毛捕捉光线 的机制，吸收了绝大部分入射光，呈现出极致的黑色。 ...

Core Insights - The research team from Tianjin University has developed a new type of molecular solar thermal (MOST) fabric that can efficiently convert light into heat, achieving a surface temperature increase to 40°C within 12 seconds under -20°C conditions, and maintaining its thermal performance even after repeated washing and friction [1][5][6] - This innovation addresses the long-standing challenge of balancing mechanical and thermal management properties in personal thermal management fabrics, which is crucial for energy conservation and enhancing the convenience of medical therapies [1][5] Group 1: Research and Development - The MOST fabric is inspired by the salt-absorbing and salt-excreting mechanisms of the salt-tolerant plant "Kochia scoparia," which adapts to extreme environments through a dynamic cycle [5] - The team utilized thermoplastic polyurethane aerogel fibers as a substrate, which were treated with a special azobenzene/chloroform solution to create a dense crystalline layer on the fiber surface, enhancing both optical and mechanical properties [5][6] Group 2: Performance and Durability - Experimental results show that the new fabric can achieve a temperature increase of 25.5°C within 70 seconds under 420nm blue light, and 21.2°C within 50 seconds in simulated sunlight at -20°C [5] - The fabric exhibits exceptional durability, retaining over 90% of its thermal performance after 50 friction tests, 500 stretch-bend cycles, and 72 hours of continuous washing, overcoming the common issues of traditional MOST materials [5][6] Group 3: Applications and Future Prospects - The MOST fabric allows for precise control of heat release temperature by adjusting light intensity, making it suitable for everyday warmth and portable therapy applications for conditions like arthritis [6] - This biomimetic design not only provides a new method for large-scale production of MOST fabrics but also represents a breakthrough in thermal management fabric performance, with potential applications in smart clothing, medical therapy devices, and outdoor protective gear [6]