《明镜》周刊

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战后德国如何重塑自信、与过去达成和解?
Di Yi Cai Jing· 2025-07-18 01:27
Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the historical reflection and transformation of Germany post-World War II, emphasizing the role of education and public discourse in shaping a more peaceful and democratic society, as explored in the book "Rebuilding Civilization: Fifty Years of Postwar Germany" by Conrad H. J. Yalowsh [1][4]. Group 1: Historical Transformation - Yalowsh identifies three historical phases in Germany's transformation: the immediate post-war period focused on dismantling Nazi influence, the 1960s aimed at integrating with Western nations and fostering a more inclusive society, and the 1990s which centered on establishing a new identity and maintaining an open cultural environment [3][4]. - The process of denazification involved significant public engagement, including a comprehensive questionnaire distributed to Germans to assess their involvement with the Nazi regime, which was crucial for employment opportunities post-war [5]. Group 2: Role of Education and Media - The influence of Western occupying forces on German education policies was profound, promoting anti-war, pacifist, and reflective approaches to Nazi history [1][4]. - Media played a critical role in reshaping public consciousness, with the emergence of newspapers and radio stations that advocated for open-mindedness and cultural reform, significantly impacting the German populace's mindset [5]. Group 3: Environmental Awareness and Youth Movements - The post-war generation of German youth began to resist authority, leading to significant social movements in the 1960s, which laid the groundwork for environmental consciousness and activism [6][7]. - The environmental movement gained momentum in response to industrial pollution and nuclear concerns, culminating in the rise of the Green Party in the 1980s, which marked a shift towards sustainable development in German society [8][9].