Core Viewpoint - Renal anemia is a common complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, and understanding its mechanisms, diagnosis, treatment, and management is crucial for improving patient outcomes [2][3][4][5][6] Group 1: Mechanism and Impact of Renal Anemia - Renal anemia is primarily linked to impaired kidney function, leading to reduced erythropoietin (EPO) production, which in turn suppresses bone marrow activity and decreases red blood cell production [2] - Accumulation of uremic toxins further destabilizes red blood cell membranes, shortening their lifespan and exacerbating anemia [2] - If not addressed, chronic anemia can result in tissue hypoxia, accelerating kidney function decline and increasing cardiovascular risks, including left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure [2] Group 2: Diagnosis and Treatment Principles - Diagnosis of renal anemia involves assessing hemoglobin levels, with thresholds set at <130 g/L for men and <120 g/L for non-pregnant women [3] - Treatment goals aim to maintain hemoglobin levels between 110-130 g/L, correcting reversible factors like iron deficiency and infections [3] - Early diagnosis and treatment are emphasized to improve quality of life and reduce hospitalization and dialysis needs [3] Group 3: Advances in HIF-PHI Drug Therapy - Traditional treatments for renal anemia rely on injected EPO and iron supplements, which may lead to reduced efficacy over time due to antibody formation [4] - HIF-PHI drugs represent a significant advancement, offering oral administration that enhances patient compliance and reduces treatment burden [4] - These drugs not only stimulate endogenous EPO production but also improve iron absorption and counteract chronic inflammation's negative effects on hematopoiesis [4] Group 4: Daily Management and Self-Monitoring - Effective long-term management of renal anemia requires lifestyle adjustments, including a diet rich in iron and vitamin C, moderate exercise, and regular monitoring of hemoglobin and iron levels [5] - Patients are advised to consume iron-rich foods while avoiding substances like tea and coffee that can inhibit iron absorption [5] - Regular check-ups are recommended, with intervals adjusted based on treatment status to ensure timely modifications to therapy [5] Group 5: Future Directions and Public Awareness - Despite advancements in treatment, there remains room for improvement in achieving target hemoglobin levels among patients in China [6] - Increased public education and standardized treatment protocols are essential for enhancing patient quality of life and reducing complications [6] - Regular screening for anemia in CKD patients is crucial for early detection and management [6]