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科学应对肾性贫血 提升患者生活质量
Ren Min Wang· 2025-08-21 07:27
肾性贫血是慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者常见的并发症。为帮助公众更好地认识这一疾病,解放军总 医院蔡广研、复旦大学附属中山医院丁小强、上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院蒋更如在"人民好医 生"科普直播间,就肾性贫血的防治进行了深入解读。 肾性贫血的发病机制与危害 肾性贫血是慢性肾脏病患者常见的并发症,其发病机制与普通贫血不同,主要与肾脏功能受损密切 相关。蔡广研谈到,肾脏是促红细胞生成素(EPO)的主要生成器官,当肾功能下降时,EPO合成减 少,导致骨髓造血功能受抑制,红细胞生成不足。此外,尿毒症毒素蓄积会破坏红细胞膜稳定性,缩短 红细胞寿命,进一步加重贫血。 蔡广研提出,与其他类型贫血不同,肾性贫血与肾脏疾病直接相关,且危害更大。若不及时干预, 长期贫血会导致组织缺氧,加速肾功能恶化,形成恶性循环。同时,贫血会增加心脏负担,诱发或加重 左心室肥厚、心力衰竭等心血管并发症,显著提高患者的心血管事件风险及死亡率。 丁小强表示,首先,口服给药提高依从性,减少了患者的治疗负担,尤其适合长期管理的慢性肾脏 病患者;其次,HIF-PHI不仅促进内源性EPO生成,还能改善铁的吸收和利用,同时减轻慢性炎症对造 血功能的抑制,从多个环 ...
减肥用力过猛 当心带来内伤
Bei Jing Qing Nian Bao· 2025-07-21 01:06
Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the dangers of extreme dieting and weight loss methods, highlighting the physical and psychological consequences of such practices. Group 1: Health Risks of Extreme Dieting - Overly restrictive diets can lead to nutritional imbalances, resulting in symptoms like dry skin, hair loss, and muscle weakness due to insufficient intake of essential nutrients [2][4][8] - Low blood sugar levels can occur from excessive carbohydrate restriction, causing dizziness and potential safety hazards during activities like driving [3] - Anemia may develop from inadequate iron intake, leading to fatigue and decreased work efficiency, particularly affecting women during menstruation [4] - Hormonal imbalances from extreme dieting can cause menstrual irregularities, potentially impacting fertility [5][6] - A weakened immune system due to poor nutrition increases susceptibility to illnesses and prolongs recovery times [7] - Osteoporosis risk rises from rapid loss of minerals like calcium, especially in women, leading to increased chances of fractures [10] - Gallstones can form from prolonged low-fat diets, causing abdominal pain and requiring surgical intervention in severe cases [11] Group 2: Strategies for Healthy Weight Loss - A balanced diet with diverse food groups is essential to prevent nutritional deficiencies and support overall health [2][6] - Incorporating low glycemic index foods can help manage blood sugar levels effectively [3] - Increasing iron-rich foods and pairing them with vitamin C sources can improve iron absorption and combat anemia [4] - Regular intake of healthy fats and avoiding extreme calorie restrictions can prevent gallstone formation [12] - Maintaining a healthy eating structure and seeking medical advice for persistent menstrual issues is crucial [6] - Engaging in moderate exercise and adjusting dietary intake can help overcome weight loss plateaus [14] - Addressing psychological aspects of dieting, such as anxiety and depression, is important for sustainable weight management [14][15] Group 3: Identifying Need for Weight Loss - Individuals with a BMI of 28 or higher, especially with excess abdominal fat, are at increased risk for metabolic syndrome and related diseases [17] - Those with existing metabolic conditions like diabetes or hypertension may benefit from even modest weight loss [17] - Adolescents experiencing continuous weight gain post-puberty should be targeted for early intervention to prevent long-term obesity [17]