Core Viewpoint - The news highlights the achievements in scientific and technological innovation during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period in China, emphasizing the dual approach of free exploration and goal-oriented research in enhancing the country's foundational research capabilities. Group 1: Free Exploration in Basic Research - Significant original achievements have been made in free exploration basic research, including the first realization of fractional quantum Hall states of photons, which lays the theoretical foundation for fault-tolerant quantum computing [1] - Key scientific evidence has been provided regarding young volcanic activity on the far side of the moon, contributing to the understanding of lunar evolution [1] - A new programmable technology for precise manipulation of large segments of DNA has been developed, achieving precision manipulation at the megabase level for multiple chromosomes [1] Group 2: Goal-Oriented Basic Research - Focused on national needs, key research tasks have been deployed in areas such as nanotechnology, catalytic science, and matter control, leading to breakthroughs in major scientific issues [2] - A new architecture for wireless communication systems based on information metamaterials has been established, providing foundational support for 6G technology [2] - The development of green and efficient collection, selection, and smelting theories for rare earth resources has been crucial for the advancement of rare earth materials [2] - The theory of nano-confinement catalysis has been applied to the efficient and clean conversion of coal and natural gas, which is vital for energy security and achieving carbon neutrality goals [2] Group 3: Platform and Discipline Development - Strengthening the coordination of scientific innovation platforms and bases, with a reorganization of key national laboratories to enhance their mission-oriented roles [2] - Steady development of various disciplines, with deeper integration of frontier disciplines and an increase in international influence [2] - China accounts for approximately one-third of the world's highly cited papers, maintaining its position as the second globally for four consecutive years [2] Group 4: Talent Development in Basic Research - Increased support for outstanding talents and teams through initiatives like the National Key R&D Program for Young Scientists [2] - The number of foundational research talents has grown from 472,000 in 2021 to 575,000 in 2023 [2] - The number of highly cited scientists in China is projected to reach 1,405 in 2024, a 50% increase from 2021, representing one-fifth of the global total [2]