来源：科技日报 基础研究是整个科学体系的源头，是所有技术问题的总机关。从探索宇宙奥秘到勇攀科学高峰，"十四 五"以来，坚持自由探索和目标导向"两条腿"走路，我国基础研究整体实力显著增强。 看自由探索的基础研究，我们取得了一批具有世界影响力的重要原创性成果：在国际上首次实现光子的 分数量子反常霍尔态，为容错量子计算奠定理论基础；首次揭示了月球背面存在年轻的岩浆活动，为完 善全月演化框架提供关键科学证据；构建了新型可编程的染色体大片段DNA精准操纵技术，首次实现 兆碱基级别多染色体的精准操纵。 看目标导向的基础研究，聚焦国家需求，部署纳米前沿、催化科学、物态调控等重点研发任务，一批重 大科学问题实现突破。例如，基于信息超材料的新架构无线通信系统，为6G技术提供了前瞻性的基础 支撑；建立的稀土资源绿色高效采集、精选和冶炼理论，为稀土材料引领发展提供了重要支撑。 科技强国：从夯实根基到勇攀高峰 全球首个！8月26日，广东江门一处静谧山体深处传出一则喜讯：位于地下700米的江门中微子实验(简 称"JUNO")成功完成2万吨液体闪烁体灌注，并正式运行取数，成为国际上首个运行的超大规模和超高 精度中微子专用大科学装置。 这 ...

Group 1: Major Scientific Achievements - The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) has successfully completed the infusion of 20,000 tons of liquid scintillator and is now operational, marking it as the world's first large-scale, high-precision neutrino facility [1] - The Ali Gravitational Wave Detection Experiment has achieved its first light observation, capturing clear images of radiation from the Moon and Jupiter, indicating a significant advancement in the field of primordial gravitational wave detection [2] Group 2: Strengthening Basic Research - China's basic research capabilities have significantly improved, with high-impact papers accounting for about one-third of the global total, and the number of high-impact scientists reaching 1,405, a 50% increase since 2021 [3][4] - The number of basic research personnel has grown from 472,000 in 2021 to 575,000 in 2023, reflecting a robust talent pool in the field [3] Group 3: Technological Innovations - The world's first 17-inch rollable lightweight terminal was unveiled, showcasing advancements in flexible display technology that could revolutionize portable computing [4] - In the high-end equipment sector, significant breakthroughs have been made, such as the "Jinghua" shield machine achieving a monthly excavation record of 542 meters and the launch of the "Dream" deep-sea drilling vessel [6] Group 4: Emerging Industry Development - China has established approximately 4.6 million 5G base stations, leading the world in technology and user numbers, which supports digital upgrades across various industries [7] - The country has consistently broken records in photovoltaic silicon cell efficiency and has sold over 40 million new energy vehicles, maintaining its position as the global leader in this sector [7] Group 5: Future Industry Foundations - Multiple general-purpose AI models have emerged in China, with some achieving over 95% accuracy, indicating a strong foundation for AI applications [8] - The domestic brain pacemaker has been commercialized, aiding 30,000 Parkinson's patients across 400 hospitals in eight countries, showcasing advancements in health technology [8] Group 6: Innovation and Reform - China ranks first globally in the number of innovation clusters, with nearly a quarter of the top 100 listed by the World Intellectual Property Organization [9] - The country has seen a 48% increase in R&D investment, reaching over 3.6 trillion yuan in 2024, with a research intensity of 2.68%, surpassing the EU average [10]

全球首个！8月26日，广东江门一处静谧山体深处传出一则喜讯：位于地下700米的江门中微子实验（简 称"JUNO"）成功完成2万吨液体闪烁体灌注，并正式运行取数，成为国际上首个运行的超大规模和超高 精度中微子专用大科学装置。 这座历时10余年建设的重大科学设施，将着手解决粒子物理学领域的重大问题之一——中微子质量排 序。"这是一个历史性的里程碑，它将使我们能够回答关于物质和宇宙本质的基本问题。"JUNO合作组 发言人、中国科学院院士王贻芳说。 回首"十四五"，这样的"高光时刻"比比皆是："嫦娥六号"实现月背采样返回，"海斗一号"完成万米海 试，5G通信实现大规模应用，北斗导航提供全球精准服务……5年来，坚持把创新摆在国家发展全局的 突出位置，我国科技事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革，国家综合创新能力排名由2020年的第14位 提升至2024年的第10位。 看自由探索的基础研究，我们取得了一批具有世界影响力的重要原创性成果：在国际上首次实现光子的 分数量子反常霍尔态，为容错量子计算奠定理论基础；首次揭示了月球背面存在年轻的岩浆活动，为完 善全月演化框架提供关键科学证据；构建了新型可编程的染色体大片段DNA精准操 ...

"分活动类型看，2024年我国基础研究、应用研究和试验发展经费分别为2500.9亿元、4305.5亿元和 29520.4亿元，分别比上年增长10.7%、17.6%和7.6%。基础研究经费增速高于R&D经费增速1.8个百分 点，延续两位数以上较快增长势头；总量仅次于美国，位列世界第二位，占研究与试验发展（R&D） 经费比重达到6.88%，创历史最好水平。" 国家统计局社科文司首席统计师张启龙解读近日发布的 《2024年全国科技经费投入统计公报》（下称《公报》）时称。 关于基础研究投入占比持续上升，张启龙分析称，政府属研究机构和高等学校是我国基础研究的主力 军，2024年对基础研究经费增长的贡献率分别为52.0%和40.0%，各类大科学装置和实验室体系建设运 行顺利，是我国基础研究投入重要增长点。应用研究经费增速高于其他类型活动，表明各类创新主体研 究活动进一步向创新链条前端拓展，更加重视对底层科学技术问题的研究探索。 在不久前的新闻发布会上，科技部副部长龙腾称，下一步，将谋划好"十五五"基础研究发展规划，强化 基础研究的统筹协调，持续提升我国原始创新能力。 2024年，我国研发经费总量达到36326.8亿元，位 ...

日前，国家统计局、科学技术部和财政部联合发布了《2024年全国科技经费投入统计公报》，国家统计 局社科文司首席统计师张启龙进行了解读。 一、研究与试验发展（R&D）经费稳定增长，投入强度持续提升 2024年，我国研究与试验发展（R&D）经费投入总量突破3.6万亿，达到36326.8亿元，比上年增长 8.9%，保持稳定增长趋势。"十四五"前四年，我国R&D经费年均增长10.5%，增速高于规划目标，在世 界主要经济体中居于前列。目前我国研究与试验发展（R&D）经费总量位居世界第二位，仅次于美 国，是日本（第三位）的3.5倍、德国（第四位）的3.7倍。研究与试验发展（R&D）经费投入规模持续 加大，为我国加快推进科技强国建设提供有力保障。 从投入强度看，2024年我国研究与试验发展（R&D）经费投入强度（R&D经费与GDP之比）为2.69%， 比上年提高0.11个百分点[1]，提升幅度快于"十四五"以来年均水平0.03个百分点，延续较快提升态势。 我国研究与试验发展（R&D）经费投入强度在世界上位列第12位，已经连续多年超过欧盟水平 （2.13%），并接近OECD国家平均水平（2.70%）。 二、企业创新主体地位稳 ...

9月29日，国家统计局、科学技术部、财政部联合发布的《2024年全国科技经费投入统计公报》（以下 简称《公报》）显示，2024年，我国研究与试验发展（R&D）经费投入总量突破3.6万亿，达到36326.8 亿元，较上年增长8.9%，保持稳定增长趋势。 "'十四五'前四年，我国R&D经费年均增长10.5%，增速高于规划目标，在世界主要经济体中居于前 列。"国家统计局社科文司首席统计师张启龙解释说，目前，我国R&D经费总量位居世界第二位，仅次 于美国，是日本（第三位）的3.5倍、德国（第四位）的3.7倍。R&D经费投入规模持续加大，为我国加 快推进科技强国建设提供有力保障。 2024年，我国R&D经费投入强度（R&D经费与GDP之比）为2.69%，比上年提高0.11个百分点，提升幅 度快于"十四五"以来年均水平0.03个百分点，延续较快提升态势。我国R&D经费投入强度在世界上位列 第12位，连续多年超过欧盟水平（2.13%），并接近OECD国家平均水平（2.70%）。 基础研究经费占比创新高 企业强劲拉动R&D经费增长 《公报》显示，2024年，我国基础研究、应用研究和试验发展经费分别为2500.9亿元、4305 ...

2024年全国科技经费投入统计公报[1] 国家统计局 科学技术部 财政部 2025年9月29日 2024年，全国研究与试验发展（R&D）经费投入保持稳定增长，投入强度较快提升，基础研究投入取 得新突破，国家财政科技支出稳步增加。 合 计 一、研究与试验发展（R&D）经费情况 2024年，全国共投入研究与试验发展（R&D）经费36326.8亿元，比上年增加2969.7亿元，增长8.9%； 研究与试验发展（R&D）经费投入强度（与国内生产总值[2]之比）为2.69%，比上年提高0.11个百分点 [3]。按研究与试验发展（R&D）人员全时工作量计算的人均经费为48.0万元，比上年增加1.9万元。 分活动类型看，全国基础研究经费2500.9亿元，比上年增长10.7%；应用研究经费4305.5亿元，增长 17.6%；试验发展经费29520.4亿元，增长7.6%。基础研究经费所占比重为6.88%，比上年提升0.11个百 分点；应用研究和试验发展经费所占比重分别为11.9%和81.2%。 分活动主体看，各类企业研究与试验发展（R&D）经费28211.6亿元，比上年增长8.8%；政府属研究机 构经费4231.6亿元，增长9. ...

Group 1 - Guangdong has achieved the top position in regional innovation capability in China for the ninth consecutive year, according to the "China Regional Innovation Capability Evaluation Report 2025" [1] - The report evaluates regional innovation capabilities based on five primary indicators, with Guangdong ranking first in enterprise innovation and innovation environment, and second in innovation performance and knowledge creation [1] - Guangdong's R&D expenditure has surpassed 510 billion yuan, maintaining the highest level in the country, with an R&D intensity of 3.6% [1] Group 2 - The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has established multiple major scientific infrastructure projects, including 45 national key laboratories [2] - Guangdong's enterprises have shown strong performance in innovation, ranking first in design capability and technology enhancement, with 77,000 high-tech enterprises contributing significantly to innovation [2] - The "Zhuo Yue" plan has been implemented to strengthen foundational research, allocating over one-third of provincial science and technology innovation funds to basic research [3]

Group 1 - The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) emphasized the need to advance the construction and operation of national key laboratories with high standards and quality, focusing on national strategic needs and enhancing foundational research and original innovation [1] - The meeting highlighted the importance of gathering top scientific talent and transforming central enterprises' national key laboratories into three high grounds: foundational research, original innovation, and open cooperation [1] - SASAC aims to elevate the capabilities of restructured research institutes in common technology supply and innovation, focusing on their role in leading industry development and enhancing public attributes, common platforms, result transformation, and industry cultivation [1] Group 2 - The initiative includes increasing resource investment and improving mechanisms and policies to enhance four key capabilities: national strategic support, innovation system organization, common technology supply, and emerging industry cultivation [1] - The goal is to establish central enterprises' restructured research institutes as a significant pillar of national strategic scientific power [1]

Core Insights - The Chinese government emphasizes the importance of basic research as the foundation of the entire scientific system and aims to enhance its overall strength during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period [1] Group 1: Achievements in Basic Research - The Ministry of Science and Technology highlights significant advancements in basic research, focusing on both free exploration and goal-oriented approaches [1] - Key research areas include nanotechnology, catalytic science, and material state control, addressing national needs and deploying major R&D tasks [1] Group 2: Breakthroughs and Applications - Notable breakthroughs include the development of a new architecture for wireless communication systems based on information metamaterials, providing foundational support for 6G technology [1] - Establishment of green and efficient theories for the collection, selection, and smelting of rare earth resources, which is crucial for the development of rare earth materials [1] - The application of nanoconfined catalytic theory for the efficient and clean conversion of coal and natural gas, contributing to energy security and the achievement of carbon neutrality goals [1]