新华社北京/"雪龙"号1月26日电 题：瞄深空！南极"天眼"看见了啥？ 新华社记者顾天成、徐鹏航 南极中山站仙女峰，庞大的天文圆顶缓缓滑开，数台光学望远镜在中国第42次南极考察队队员操控下悄然转动。 这是中国天文科学家布设的"天眼"，它们凝望苍穹，探索深空，守护人类共同的太空家园。 观测空间碎片 对空间碎片轨道的精准掌握与预报，已成为保障人类太空活动安全可持续发展的关键之举。"我们在南极开展空间 碎片监测的目标之一，就是为在轨航天器提供精准的碰撞预警和规避决策支持。"中国极地研究中心（中国极地研 究所）极地空间物理与天文研究所主任姜鹏说。 2026年1月，中国第42次南极考察队队员周星宇在南极中山站维护天文望远镜。（受访者供图） 探索遥远天体 2025年7月，中山站成功观测到第三个被人类确认的、来自太阳系外的造访星际天体——阿特拉斯 （3I/ATLAS）。 "这次成功观测意义非凡，实现了对太阳系外天体观测'从0到1'的突破。"曾三度参与南极考察的中国科学院南京 天文光学技术研究所研究员李正阳说。 中山站的天文团队通过精确的轨道预报，引导望远镜进行跟踪，采用单次曝光30秒、连续21张图像叠加的技术， 最终从复杂 ...

瞄深空！南极"天眼"看见了啥 据新华社北京/"雪龙"号1月26日电（记者顾天成、徐鹏航）南极中山站仙女峰，庞大的天文圆顶缓缓滑 开，数台光学望远镜在中国第42次南极考察队队员操控下悄然转动。这是中国天文科学家布设的"天 眼"，它们凝望苍穹，探索深空，守护人类共同的太空家园。 随着人类航天活动进入空前密集的时代，失效卫星、火箭残骸和碰撞碎片正以每秒约7至10公里的速度 环绕地球，构成一张日益危险的"碎片网"。 极地，特别是南极，是观测空间碎片的"理想窗口"。2021年，中国第38次南极考察队在中山站安装了第 一套实验性空间碎片光学监测望远镜。目前已建成由一组4台150毫米固定指向望远镜阵列和一台310毫 米快速跟踪指向望远镜组成的观测系统。 对空间碎片轨道的精准掌握与预报，已成为保障人类太空活动安全可持续发展的关键之举。"我们在南 极开展空间碎片监测的目标之一，就是为在轨航天器提供精准的碰撞预警和规避决策支持。"中国极地 研究中心（中国极地研究所）极地空间物理与天文研究所主任姜鹏说。 2025年7月，中山站成功观测到第三个被人类确认的、来自太阳系外的造访星际天体——阿特拉斯 （3I/ATLAS）。 （来源：河北 ...

Core Viewpoint - The 27th China Association for Science and Technology Annual Conference held on July 6 in Beijing announced 10 frontier scientific issues, 10 engineering technical challenges, and 10 industrial technology problems for 2025, aiming to promote original and disruptive scientific achievements [2]. Frontier Scientific Issues - The ten frontier scientific issues include: 1. Topological and geometric classification of manifolds 2. Properties of the Higgs boson and the origin of mass 3. Feasibility study of using post-transition metals as substitutes for transition metals in precise synthesis and catalytic reactions 4. Anomalies in typhoon paths and intensity mutations 5. Mechanisms of spatial pattern formation in macro-ecosystems and interactions between systems 6. New theories and protective systems for AI security from a cryptographic perspective 7. Multi-dimensional, reconfigurable supramolecular machine assembly 8. Dark energy and the Hubble constant crisis 9. Breeding potential of wild relatives of crops in enhancing stress resistance traits 10. Interaction regulation mechanisms between human microecology and hosts [4]. Engineering Technical Challenges - The ten engineering technical challenges include: 1. Integrated algorithms and theories for complex model design-simulation-manufacturing 2. Deep-sea large-scale mining equipment and environmental disturbance suppression 3. Collaborative utilization and governance technologies for regional surface water, groundwater, reclaimed water, external water, and seawater 4. Intelligent network technology system for communication and smart integration 5. Biomanufacturing of complex organs 6. Integrated development technology for coal and associated energy resources 7. Next-generation low-energy, low-cost carbon capture and storage technology 8. Energy integration and intelligent management for advanced airborne systems 9. Biomanufacturing technology for bulk food raw materials and high-value ingredients 10. Establishing a new drug development system based on clinical and multi-omics big data [5]. Industrial Technology Problems - The ten industrial technology problems include: 1. Breaking through the import bottleneck of high-end equipment for large and ultra-large seawater desalination projects 2. Enhancing the oxidation resistance of ultra-supercritical steam turbine blades 3. Research on key scientific and technological issues for autonomous mining in deep space resource development 4. Building an autonomous capability evaluation system for intelligent unmanned systems oriented towards industry 5. Industrial implementation of high-speed optical interconnect (optical I/O) technology between chips 6. Development of regenerative biomaterials in aging states 7. Pathways to achieve a comprehensive balance of "safety-low carbon-economy" in energy and electricity 8. Intelligent processing and industrial application of satellite remote sensing data 9. Intelligent response biological vaccines for pests and diseases driven by synthetic biology and AI 10. Brain function assessment and intelligent closed-loop intervention [6]. Instrument Demand - The R&D activities related to the 2025 issues will drive demand for various research instruments, including: - Precision measurement devices such as high-precision mass spectrometers and spectrometers for studying the properties of the Higgs boson [8]. - Astronomical observation equipment like large radio telescopes and optical telescopes for data support on dark energy and the Hubble constant crisis [8]. - Biochemical analysis instruments such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for research on post-transition metal substitutes and human microecology [8]. - Advanced meteorological monitoring equipment for studying typhoon path anomalies [9]. - Simulation software and hardware for integrated algorithms in complex model design [10]. - Deep-sea exploration equipment for large-scale mining and environmental disturbance suppression [11]. - Communication testing devices for developing intelligent network technology systems [12]. - Life science research tools for biomanufacturing complex organs [13]. - Equipment related to seawater desalination technology [14]. - Energy efficiency assessment tools for achieving a balanced energy strategy [15]. - Satellite remote sensing data analysis platforms for intelligent processing and application [16].