Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a revolutionary approach to neuromodulation using reversible photothermal-gated DNA nanochannels, which offers a universal solution for treating various neurological diseases related to ion transport disorders, such as paralysis, epilepsy, and congenital pain insensitivity [3][8]. Group 1: Current Challenges in Neuromodulation - Existing clinical treatments for neurological diseases often rely on stimulating biological ion channels, but small molecule drugs lack subtype specificity and have rapid metabolism, limiting treatment precision and effectiveness [2] - Invasive methods like intracortical stimulation (ICS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) carry risks of infection and postoperative complications, while non-invasive methods such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) lack channel-level targeting, leading to unclear mechanisms and limited treatment scope [2] Group 2: Innovative Research Findings - The research team developed a reversible photothermal-gated DNA nanochannel (NC-JNP) that achieves nanoscale spatial resolution and second-level temporal precision for neuromodulation [5] - The system combines thermoresponsive DNA nanochannels with gold-iron oxide Janus nanoparticles, which serve as local near-infrared (NIR) photothermal converters, achieving a 98.4% cell membrane insertion efficiency [5][6] - Under 808 nm wavelength laser irradiation, the nanochannels exhibit a cyclic gate effect for ion transport, enhancing the excitability of dorsal root ganglion neurons within seconds [5][6] Group 3: Implications for Treatment - The NC-JNP strategy successfully restored pain perception in NaV 1.7 gene knockout mice after one minute of laser irradiation, demonstrating its potential for precise neuromodulation [5][6] - This innovative approach overcomes the limitations of traditional tools in achieving high spatiotemporal resolution without the need for genetic editing, providing a promising avenue for treating neurological and neuromuscular diseases [8]