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内卷时代的生存困境:民营企业与普通人的艰难抉择
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-08-10 13:14
Core Insights - In 2025, private enterprises in China are facing severe challenges due to a 30% increase in labor costs and a tax burden where the lower-income population bears 68% of the tax load, while public servants enjoy above-standard benefits [1][3][4] - The implementation of mandatory social security contributions has led to a significant rise in operational costs for private businesses, pushing many towards bankruptcy [3][4] - The emergence of a "lying flat" mentality reflects a survival strategy across different social strata, with varying motivations for each group [5][15] Group 1: Economic Challenges - The mandatory social security policy has increased labor costs by over 30%, severely impacting profit margins for manufacturing companies, which typically operate at a profit margin of 5%-8% [3][4] - In the first half of 2025, the number of private enterprise cancellations increased by 43% year-on-year, with manufacturing accounting for 62% of these cancellations [3] - The introduction of new taxes, such as consumption tax and rental tax, has resulted in a wealth transfer mechanism that disproportionately affects lower-income individuals [4] Group 2: Social Inequality - The tax burden is increasingly falling on the lower-income population, with the Gini coefficient rising to a historical high of 0.52, indicating growing social inequality [4] - Public servants continue to receive stable salary growth and enjoy significant benefits, creating a dual-track system that exacerbates social disparities [4][15] - The disparity in retirement benefits between public sector employees and private sector workers is significant, with public sector retirement income replacement rates remaining above 90% [4] Group 3: Shifts in Business Strategy - The "sharing economy" is emerging as a potential solution for private enterprises to reduce costs and enhance efficiency, with a focus on resource sharing and collaborative business models [15][16] - Innovative practices such as converting employees to partners and forming marketing alliances among small businesses are being adopted to lower operational costs significantly [16] - The crisis may serve as a catalyst for structural reforms in taxation and welfare systems, potentially leading to long-term improvements in the business environment [15]