（原标题：徐凯文：空心病与时代焦虑下，成为一个心理健康的学生有多难） 作者｜徐凯文 ?一、当下凸显的青少年心理健康问题 心理健康问题正在向中小学蔓延。我们正在经历一个伟大的时代的变迁，无论是国际关系，还是各种制 度的变化，比如近期各种教育政策的改革。 自疫情后复学，中小学的心理健康问题就突然爆发，变得非常严重，极端事件也发生了很多。 对此，教育部、国家卫健委等也都非常重视，出台了一系列政策文件，加强中小学心理健康工作。 北京安定医院郑毅教授的团队还发表了一份"中国儿童青少年精神障碍流行病学调查"的研究： 数据显示，有17.5%的青少年在一年之内就患有某一种精神障碍。 而这种"丧"的来源有学业和工作压力、同辈的竞争、人际关系等等，所以压力是一个非常重要的原因。 在对中小学生的调查中也发现了类似的情况，中科院心理所做的国民心理健康的研究发现： 26.4%的中小学生有抑郁的状况。 这和我自己在公立学校、国际学校调查的结果也是相似的。 二、空心病：价值观缺失所致的精神障碍 在6年前，我做了一个"时代空心病和焦虑经济学"的演讲。 那么，这些问题为什么会凸显出来？ 这个时代，我们的物质越来越丰富，但是精神障碍患病率却在增 ...

12月18日至20日，中央统战部、全国工商联在中央社会主义学院举办民营经济代表人士学习贯彻党的二 十届四中全会精神、中央经济工作会议精神专题研讨班。其间，新希望集团董事长刘永好在接受中新社 记者专访时表示，当前民营企业家展现出强烈的拼搏精神，这是中国经济的优势，但也需警惕可能引发 的"内卷式"竞争。 面对经济增速放缓与高质量发展转型带来的挑战，不少传统企业经营者出现了焦虑情绪，甚至陷入"躺 平"或信心不足的状态。对此，刘永好指出："困难不会因焦虑而消失，'躺平'则意味着彻底退出赛道。 唯有保持努力，才有翻盘和前行的可能。" 刘永好认为，面对挑战，企业应主动作为、积极求变。特别是传统企业，更应通过科技赋能提升运营效 率，以技术创新构筑核心竞争力，同时苦练内功、强化内部管理，在挑战中寻找新的成长路径。 （文章来源：中国新闻网） ...

12月18日至20日，中央统战部、全国工商联在中央社会主义学院举办民营经济代表人士学习贯彻党的二 十届四中全会精神、中央经济工作会议精神专题研讨班。其间，新希望集团董事长刘永好在接受专访时 表示，当前民营企业家展现出强烈的拼搏精神，这是中国经济的优势，但也需警惕可能引发的"内卷 式"竞争。 面对经济增速放缓与高质量发展转型带来的挑战，不少传统企业经营者出现了焦虑情绪，甚 至陷入"躺平"或信心不足的状态。对此，刘永好指出："困难不会因焦虑而消失，'躺平'则意味着彻底退 出赛道。唯有保持努力，才有翻盘和前行的可能。" 刘永好认为，面对挑战，企业应主动作为、积极求 变。特别是传统企业，更应通过科技赋能提升运营效率，以技术创新构筑核心竞争力，同时苦练内功、 强化内部管理，在挑战中寻找新的成长路径。（中新社） ...

Core Insights - The conversation features a rare appearance by investor Duan Yongping, who discusses his "benfen" philosophy that underpins his business and investment practices, emphasizing the importance of understanding business fundamentals [1][2][66] - Duan Yongping shares insights on investment, corporate culture, and education, highlighting the significance of long-term thinking and rationality in both business and personal life [2][67] Investment Logic - Duan emphasizes that understanding the business is crucial for successful investment, citing his experience with Vanke and the importance of recognizing true value in financial data [11][12] - He mentions that he bought shares in Moutai and believes in its long-term potential, suggesting that understanding consumer preferences is key to investment decisions [12][13] Corporate Culture and Succession - The success of companies like OPPO and Vivo is attributed to a hiring principle that prioritizes cultural fit over individual capability, indicating a systematic approach to building a cohesive team [2][66] - Duan discusses the importance of a user-oriented corporate culture that focuses on doing the right things over merely chasing profits, which he believes is essential for long-term sustainability [17][18] Marketing Philosophy - Duan outlines a straightforward marketing principle: there should be no lies in communication, and messages should be conveyed to users with maximum efficiency [2][66] - He shares his experience with advertising, emphasizing the need for authenticity and the careful crafting of messages to resonate with consumers [35][36] Educational Insights - Duan provides a perspective on parenting, advocating for unconditional love and setting boundaries to foster a sense of security in children, which he believes can break generational cycles of behavior [2][67] - He argues against physical punishment, suggesting that it does not build resilience but rather creates insecurity, and emphasizes the importance of guiding children with understanding [50][51] Long-term Mindset - Duan defines "平常心" (ordinary mind) as rationality and long-term thinking, asserting that maintaining a long-term perspective helps in overcoming external distractions [2][67] - He believes that a long-term approach is essential for both business success and personal fulfillment, creating a logical framework that connects various aspects of life [64]

Core Viewpoint - The current era offers low-cost living for ordinary people, but this comes at the expense of others who are struggling to adapt to changing job markets and economic conditions [1][3]. Group 1: Economic Conditions and Industry Dynamics - The competition among platforms, such as food delivery services, leads to a situation where all participants, including riders and merchants, face increased pressure and reduced profits despite consumers benefiting from lower prices [4][6]. - Many individuals are transitioning to new jobs or industries due to economic shifts, such as those who previously worked in management or retail now taking on roles in delivery or service sectors [3][4]. Group 2: Changing Perceptions of Success - The narrative of "success" has evolved; individuals can now choose alternative lifestyles or career paths without being labeled as lacking ambition, reflecting a broader acceptance of diverse life choices [15]. - Opportunities for career changes have increased, with many people moving from high-pressure environments in tech to more stable roles in other sectors, indicating a shift in how career paths are viewed [15]. Group 3: Psychological Impact and Social Commentary - The phenomenon of "lying flat" is not merely a rejection of work but a response to repeated disappointments, leading to a sense of learned helplessness among individuals [10][12]. - The ability to learn, adapt, and maintain curiosity about the future is becoming a valuable asset in navigating the complexities of modern life [15].

Core Viewpoint - The article explores the experiences and challenges faced by university students, particularly at Zhejiang University, as they navigate their academic and personal growth during their college years [6][7][18]. Group 1: Student Learning Experiences - Students are adapting to new learning routines, with some expressing anxiety over academic pressures, such as reading complex English papers and dealing with research failures [7][8]. - The importance of balancing classroom learning with independent research is emphasized, as many students engage in long-term research projects alongside their studies [9][10]. - The use of online platforms and AI tools for self-directed learning is becoming common among students, allowing them to explore subjects of interest beyond the classroom [10][12]. Group 2: Time Management and Study Strategies - Effective time management is crucial, with students utilizing various scheduling tools to balance coursework, research, and extracurricular activities [12][13]. - Students are encouraged to find their intrinsic motivation for learning, which helps them maintain curiosity and engagement in their studies [10][15]. - The article highlights the significance of a supportive environment, where students can seek help and guidance from peers and faculty to navigate academic challenges [13][14]. Group 3: Perspectives on Competition and Personal Growth - The article discusses the dichotomy of "competition" versus "relaxation" among students, with some feeling pressured to excel while others choose a more laid-back approach [15][18]. - Students are encouraged to define their own paths and interests rather than conforming to external pressures, fostering a sense of self-awareness and personal growth [16][18]. - The role of universities in providing a supportive framework for students to explore their interests and develop their skills is emphasized, promoting a holistic approach to education [17][18].

Core Viewpoint - The article suggests that historical shifts are often subtle and not always marked by dramatic events, highlighting a generational change in attitudes towards work and effort [1] Group 1 - The younger generation is criticized for not being willing to engage in "involution" or overtime work, prompting a reflection on the lessons learned from previous generations about the potential lack of rewards for hard work [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the evolution of Li Dan, a prominent figure in the Chinese entertainment industry, highlighting his transition from a successful comedian to a live-streaming influencer, reflecting broader societal changes and the coping mechanisms of the younger generation in the face of modern pressures [4][5][6]. Group 1: Li Dan's Career Transition - Li Dan has re-emerged in the entertainment scene after a hiatus, now primarily known for his live-streaming sales, particularly in snacks, achieving impressive sales figures despite higher prices [12][13]. - His live-streaming style is characterized by a casual and humorous approach, often engaging with fans in a way that prioritizes emotional connection over traditional sales tactics [18][20]. - The live-streaming platform serves as a space for audiences to find solace and laughter amidst life's pressures, with Li Dan providing a form of emotional support through his interactions [22][24]. Group 2: Societal Reflections - The article reflects on the changing societal landscape, where humor and absurdity have become coping mechanisms for the younger generation facing increasing stress and anxiety [19][21]. - Li Dan's content resonates with audiences who seek relief from their daily struggles, illustrating a shift in cultural values towards finding joy in the mundane and absurd [40][42]. - The narrative emphasizes that while the younger generation may appear to be "lying flat" or disengaged, they are actively navigating their realities, often through humor and community [55][58]. Group 3: Historical Context and Personal Journey - The article traces Li Dan's journey from a struggling writer to a successful comedian, highlighting his early influences and the challenges he faced in the entertainment industry [28][30]. - It discusses the impact of the pandemic on his career, leading to significant setbacks, yet showcasing his resilience and adaptability in the face of adversity [44][46]. - Li Dan's story is positioned within a broader historical context, reflecting the experiences of a generation that has witnessed economic and social upheaval, drawing parallels with past literary movements [54][57].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the return of Li Dan to the entertainment scene, highlighting his transformation from a prominent comedian to a live-streaming influencer, focusing on the emotional and societal context of his career changes and the pressures faced by the younger generation [1][22][63]. Group 1: Li Dan's Career Transition - Li Dan made a comeback on stage after a long hiatus, appearing as a guest on a show, which sparked mixed reactions from the public [1][3][6]. - His new role as a live-streaming influencer has seen him achieve significant sales, particularly in snacks, despite higher prices compared to competitors, with monthly sales reaching 3 million [9][10]. - The live-streaming format has allowed him to engage with fans in a more personal manner, earning him the title of "electronic male confidant" [16]. Group 2: Societal Context and Audience Reception - The pressures of modern life have led audiences to seek solace in Li Dan's humor, with many finding comfort in his light-hearted responses to serious questions about life [19][26]. - The article reflects on the changing societal attitudes, where humor serves as a coping mechanism for anxiety and stress, particularly among the younger generation [22][24][62]. - Li Dan's approach to addressing life's challenges through humor resonates with many, as evidenced by audience members who find emotional value in his content [27][52]. Group 3: Historical Perspective - The narrative traces Li Dan's journey from a struggling writer to a successful comedian, illustrating the evolution of his career and the broader cultural shifts in society [31][41][49]. - The article emphasizes the generational struggles faced by young people today, drawing parallels between Li Dan's experiences and those of previous generations who also sought meaning in challenging times [66][72]. - Li Dan's reflections on life and society echo sentiments from past literary figures, suggesting a continuity of existential themes across different eras [70][73].

Group 1 - The current trend among young people is to adopt a "lying flat" mentality, where not engaging in traditional milestones like buying a house, car, or starting a business is seen as a winning strategy [1][3] - The perception is that increased effort leads to higher risks, making "lying flat" a more practical approach in the current economic environment [3][5] - The long-term decline in housing prices since 2022 has made homeownership less appealing, with many young buyers feeling trapped by high mortgage payments and limited disposable income [5][7] Group 2 - The costs associated with car ownership, such as rising fuel prices and rapid depreciation, have led many young people to forgo buying cars, opting for alternative transportation methods instead [7][9] - The high failure rate of startups and the financial risks associated with entrepreneurship have discouraged young people from pursuing business ventures, with many preferring to preserve their savings [9][10] - The financial burden of marriage, including significant expenses for weddings and housing, has led to a decline in marriage rates among young people, who value personal freedom over traditional commitments [10][12] Group 3 - Many young individuals are choosing not to contribute to social security, driven by concerns over the delayed retirement age and immediate financial pressures, although this poses long-term risks for their future security [12][14] - The overarching sentiment is that in a deflationary economic environment, traditional investments and commitments are viewed as less valuable, prompting a shift towards a more minimalist lifestyle [14]