墨西哥国会众议院于2025年12月10日以281票赞成、24票反对、149票弃权通过《进出口关税法》修正 案，该法案旨在对未与墨西哥签署自由贸易协定（FTA）的国家（如中国、印度、韩国等）进口商品加 征最高50%的关税。经参议院批准后，搁置1个月以上的对华关税法案预计将获通过，计划于2026年1月 1日正式生效。最终方案较最初有所调整：最初针对近1500个品类最高上调50%关税，后因国内外反对 （包括中国反制压力、墨西哥商界担忧成本上升），多数品类税率降低，目前生效版本中大部分商品税 率为35%。 根据修正案"多数品类税率降低"的调整原则，仪器仪表品类的基础税率为35%（与"机械与电气设备"类 别一致）。其覆盖范围包括工业用测量仪器（如卡尺、千分尺、压力表）、电子检测设备（如示波器、 万用表）、机械仪表（如流量计、液位计）、实验室仪器（如天平、烘箱）等。 根据中国机电产品进出口商会的统计，2024年中国对墨西哥出口的仪器仪表产品总额约12亿美元，占中 国对墨西哥出口总额的1.3%（2024年中国对墨西哥出口总额902.32亿美元）。修正案实施后，一般仪器 仪表产品的关税成本将上升约15-20个百分点（从之前的 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Mexican Congress has approved a tariff amendment that imposes a maximum 50% import duty on goods from countries without a free trade agreement with Mexico, including China, India, and South Korea, with the final version setting most product tariffs at 35% [1][2]. Group 1: Tariff Amendment Details - The amendment was passed by the Mexican House of Representatives on December 10, 2025, with a vote of 281 in favor, 24 against, and 149 abstentions [1]. - The initial proposal targeted nearly 1500 product categories with a maximum 50% tariff, but due to domestic and international opposition, the majority of categories now have a reduced tariff rate of 35% [1]. - The base tariff rate for instruments and meters is set at 35%, aligning with the category of "machinery and electrical equipment" [1]. Group 2: Impact on Chinese Exports - In 2024, China's exports of instruments and meters to Mexico are estimated to be around $1.2 billion, accounting for 1.3% of China's total exports to Mexico, which is approximately $90.23 billion [2]. - Following the implementation of the tariff amendment, the tariff cost for general instruments and meters will increase by approximately 15-20 percentage points, leading to a decrease in price competitiveness of about 10-15% for Chinese instruments in the Mexican market [2].