Core Insights - A new gene editing technology has been developed by researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, enabling precise manipulation of large DNA segments ranging from thousands to millions of base pairs, significantly enhancing the scale and capability of gene editing [1][2] Group 1: Technology Development - The new programmable chromosome-level large DNA manipulation technology, termed PCE, integrates three innovative systematic technical pathways [1] - The technology has demonstrated strong capabilities in plant and animal cell experiments, achieving precise insertion of an ultra-large DNA segment containing 18,800 base pairs, directional replacement of a DNA sequence with 5,000 base pairs, inversion of a long chromosome segment with 12 million base pairs, deletion of a long chromosome segment with 4 million base pairs, and even the movement of entire chromosomes [1] Group 2: Application Potential - The technology has been successfully applied to rice, where a DNA segment containing 315,000 base pairs was precisely inverted, resulting in the cultivation of herbicide-resistant rice germplasm, indicating broad application prospects [2] - The technology not only allows for multi-gene stacking but also enables manipulation of genome structure, paving new paths for crop trait improvement and genetic disease treatment, potentially advancing new breeding strategies and synthetic biology [2] - Reviewers have noted that this work represents a significant breakthrough in the field of genetic engineering, with enormous application potential in breeding and gene therapy [2]