更多资料加入知识星球:水木调研纪要 关注公众号:水木纪要 商业航天研究:火箭行业专家交流 20260104 摘要 Q&A 商业航天领域中火箭的构成、组成及成本情况如何? 目前在火箭领域,各家公司都在追求低成本路线,但具体形式有所不同。头部公 司主要采用可回收和不可回收两种状态,以进一步压缩成本。例如,朱雀三号和 天龙三号的单次发射硬件成本约为1亿元,而可回收版本的成本约为1.2亿元。 体制内火箭由于需要对发动机、传感器、元器件、电器件等进行筛选,成本相对 较高,是商业航天火箭的数倍。 以一次性使用的中型火箭朱雀三号为例,其一 级火箭占整个火箭总成本的 50%至 60%,二级占 30%左右,其余部分包括发射基 地服务费、推进剂费用和保险等辅助费用。在一次发射费用中,不包括人员开支, 争 ケー 商业火箭单次发射硬件成本约为1亿元(不可回收)至1.2 亿元(可回收), ● 体制内火箭成本是商业航天的数倍,主要由于发动机、传感器等部件筛选 标准更高。 可回收火箭初次发射成本增加 10%-20%,但若能像 SpaceX 的 Fa1con 9 一 ● 样多次成功回收,每次发射成本可降至约 5,000万元,显著降低运营成本 ...

Core Viewpoint - Isar Aerospace's Spectrum rocket experienced a failure during its first flight test, marking a significant moment for Europe's emerging private space industry, but highlighting the challenges it faces compared to established players like SpaceX and Blue Origin [1][6][21] Group 1: Launch Details - The Spectrum rocket's first flight test took place on March 30 in Andøya, Norway, and it was the first orbital launch attempt by a European company [1] - The rocket lost control shortly after takeoff, leading to engine shutdown and subsequent crash, although no damage occurred to the launch pad [4][6] Group 2: Technical Specifications - Spectrum is a small launch vehicle, measuring 28 meters in length and 2 meters in diameter, capable of delivering 1 ton of payload to orbit, which is below the capacity of many competitors [8] - The rocket utilizes a unique liquid oxygen and propane fuel combination, which has advantages in weight reduction but also poses risks of leakage and explosion [9][11] - The design features nine engines in parallel on the first stage, a configuration that is currently the only practical method for rocket recovery [11][15] Group 3: Competitive Landscape - Compared to major players like SpaceX and Blue Origin, Spectrum's payload capacity is significantly lower, and it faces stiff competition from Chinese companies with more advanced products [8][20] - The potential for rocket reuse is limited for small rockets like Spectrum, as the operational costs may outweigh the benefits due to significant payload capacity reductions [18][20] Group 4: Future Prospects - Despite the failure, there is optimism in Europe regarding the development of new space technologies, with investors like Airbus and Porsche backing Isar Aerospace [21] - The success or failure of the Spectrum rocket could influence the future of European commercial space endeavors and its ability to compete with U.S. and Chinese firms [21]