Core Insights - The article discusses a groundbreaking achievement by American scientists who have created the largest and most detailed simulation of an animal brain to date, specifically the mouse cortex, using advanced supercomputing capabilities [1][2]. Group 1: Simulation Details - The virtual model replicates nearly 10 million neurons, 26 billion synapses, and 86 interconnected brain regions, providing a new platform for understanding brain mechanisms [1]. - The simulation was made possible by Japan's supercomputer "Fugaku," which can perform quintillions of calculations per second, enabling the processing of vast amounts of data and complex simulations [1]. Group 2: Research Applications - Scientists can now explore brain mechanisms in unprecedented ways, simulating neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's and epilepsy, tracking how pathologies spread within neural networks [2]. - The model allows for rapid hypothesis testing and repeated experimentation in a digital environment, significantly enhancing research efficiency compared to traditional animal experiments [2]. Group 3: Future Goals - While this achievement marks a significant step, the team acknowledges that the true challenge lies in capturing the biological complexity of the brain, with the long-term goal of achieving a digital reconstruction of the human brain [2].