科学家现在可以利用这一模型，以前所未有的方式探索大脑机制。他们能在虚拟环境中模拟阿尔茨 海默病、癫痫等神经系统疾病，追踪病变如何在神经网络中扩散，也可以研究脑电波的形成机制、注意 力的神经基础或癫痫发作的传播路径。过去，这些问题只能通过一次一项的动物实验来验证，耗时且难 以重复。如今，科学家可以快速提出假设，并在数字大脑中反复测试，极大提升了研究效率。 该成果为理解认知与意识的神经基础提供了新工具，有望揭示脑部疾病在症状出现前的早期变化， 评估潜在疗法，加速新药研发进程。 团队表示，尽管这是一项重大进展，但仍只是迈向全脑模拟的第一步。真正的挑战在于细节，只有 充分还原生物物理层面的复杂性，模型才更具有科学价值。团队的长远目标是迈向人类大脑的数字化重 建。 这项突破性成果是依托于日本超级计算机"富岳"实现的。"富岳"每秒可执行千万亿次量级运算，具 备处理海量数据和复杂模拟任务的能力。 此次项目由美国艾伦脑科学研究所与日本电气通信大学领衔，并联合三家日本机构共同完成。研究 团队利用艾伦脑科学研究所提供的"艾伦细胞类型数据库"和"艾伦连接图谱"中的真实神经生物学数据， 为虚拟大脑提供了精确的生物物理基础和结构蓝图。 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses a groundbreaking achievement by American scientists who have created the largest and most detailed simulation of an animal brain to date, specifically the mouse cortex, using advanced supercomputing capabilities [1][2]. Group 1: Simulation Details - The virtual model replicates nearly 10 million neurons, 26 billion synapses, and 86 interconnected brain regions, providing a new platform for understanding brain mechanisms [1]. - The simulation was made possible by Japan's supercomputer "Fugaku," which can perform quintillions of calculations per second, enabling the processing of vast amounts of data and complex simulations [1]. Group 2: Research Applications - Scientists can now explore brain mechanisms in unprecedented ways, simulating neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's and epilepsy, tracking how pathologies spread within neural networks [2]. - The model allows for rapid hypothesis testing and repeated experimentation in a digital environment, significantly enhancing research efficiency compared to traditional animal experiments [2]. Group 3: Future Goals - While this achievement marks a significant step, the team acknowledges that the true challenge lies in capturing the biological complexity of the brain, with the long-term goal of achieving a digital reconstruction of the human brain [2].