Core Insights - The second comprehensive scientific expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has yielded significant findings, showcasing China's advancements in ecological protection, disaster prevention, and resource management [2][4]. Group 1: Key Achievements - The expedition involved over 30,000 participants and 3,000 scientific teams since its initiation in August 2017, focusing on various critical areas such as ecological protection and disaster prevention [2]. - Ten major application results were announced, including the establishment of a comprehensive observation and early warning platform for the Earth system and innovative disaster prevention technologies for permafrost areas [2][4]. - A monitoring system for meteorological disasters along the Sichuan-Tibet transportation corridor was developed, successfully avoiding over 97% of mountain disasters and optimizing over 400 kilometers of transportation routes [3]. Group 2: Environmental Changes - The expedition revealed significant environmental changes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, including warming, increased humidity, and enhanced water supply capabilities, with potential runoff increases of up to 49% by the end of the century [4][5]. - Three major environmental transitions were identified, driven by various geological and climatic factors, impacting the region's ecological balance [4]. Group 3: Biodiversity Discoveries - The expedition made notable discoveries in biodiversity, including the identification of a new group of echo-locating mammals, the pig-tailed mouse, and insights into bird migration patterns influenced by genetic memory [7]. - Several previously thought extinct species, such as the Motuo lily and the Gonge green velvet, were rediscovered, highlighting the plateau's unique biodiversity [7].