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日本中年返贫史
虎嗅APP· 2025-08-18 13:39
Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the economic struggles faced by Japan's 60s generation, highlighting their transition from being the "lucky generation" to experiencing significant debt and unemployment crises during their middle age [4][5]. Debt Crisis of the 60s Generation - The 60s generation faced severe debt issues, with average household debt reaching nearly 20 million yen in 1994, the highest among all generations [6][8]. - Many in this generation bought homes at the peak of the real estate bubble in the 1980s, leading to substantial financial burdens as property values plummeted after the bubble burst [7][8]. - By 2005, the average home price had regressed to 1981 levels, leaving many households with negative equity [8]. Midlife Unemployment Crisis - Following the economic bubble's collapse, companies struggled with high labor costs, leading to a significant rise in layoffs and salary reductions starting in 1995 [11][12]. - From 1995 to 2005, disposable income for the 60s generation decreased by nearly 25%, with unemployment rates for middle-aged workers rising from 1.5% to 3% [12][13]. - The introduction of labor dispatch laws favored younger workers, making it difficult for older employees to find new jobs after layoffs [12][13]. Credit Loan Crisis - Many households resorted to high-interest credit loans to manage their debts, with the credit loan industry growing from 4.5 trillion yen in 1994 to over 10 trillion yen by 2000 [14][16]. - The average interest rates for these loans exceeded 30%, leading to a cycle of debt for many families [14][16]. - By 2005, approximately 4.5% of the population was trapped in credit loan crises, with a significant portion being families aged 35 and older [16]. Divorce Wave - The 60s generation also faced a significant increase in divorce rates, with over 2.77 million families registering for divorce from 1995 to 2005 [18][19]. - Economic instability and the inability of single-income households to sustain family expenses led to increased marital conflicts [19]. - Many housewives, lacking work experience, struggled to re-enter the job market, exacerbating family tensions [19]. Overall Impact and Reflection - The article reflects on the broader societal implications of these economic challenges, noting a cultural nostalgia for the prosperous Showa era and the psychological toll on the 60s generation [20][22]. - By 2022, the average debt for families in this generation remained around 6 million yen, indicating a long-lasting impact of the economic downturn [25].