Core Insights - The Jiangmen Neutrino Experiment (JUNO) has achieved significant milestones in neutrino physics, measuring two key oscillation parameters with unprecedented precision, surpassing international standards by 1.5 to 1.8 times in just two months [5][6][7]. Group 1: Experiment Overview - The Jiangmen Neutrino Experiment is designed to detect neutrinos, often referred to as "ghost particles," and is set to officially begin data collection on August 26, 2025 [5][6]. - The experiment's core detector, located 700 meters underground, has a total mass of 20,000 tons and includes a 41.1-meter diameter stainless steel shell and a 35.4-meter diameter acrylic sphere [8][9]. - The project has been in development for over a decade, receiving support from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and international collaborations [10][11]. Group 2: Scientific Achievements - The first results from JUNO indicate that the detector's performance metrics have met or exceeded design expectations, enabling advanced research in neutrino physics [9][12]. - The experiment aims to determine the mass hierarchy of three types of neutrinos and to explore potential new physics beyond the current particle physics standard model [7][9][14]. - JUNO's measurements have confirmed discrepancies in previous solar neutrino experiments, suggesting the possibility of new physical laws [7][15]. Group 3: Future Implications - JUNO is expected to lead the field of neutrino physics for the coming years, with a design lifespan of 30 years and potential upgrades for further experiments [9][12]. - The experiment will not only focus on neutrino mass ordering but also on precise measurements of oscillation parameters and studies of solar, supernova, atmospheric, and terrestrial neutrinos [9][14]. - The research conducted at JUNO is anticipated to yield significant scientific contributions and foster the development of the next generation of physicists [12][14].

Core Viewpoint - The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) has successfully completed the infusion of 20,000 tons of liquid scintillator and has officially begun data collection, aiming to address significant issues in particle physics over the next decade, particularly the mass ordering of neutrinos [1]. Group 1 - The JUNO detector is located 700 meters underground near Jiangmen, Guangdong, and can detect neutrinos from the Taishan and Yangjiang nuclear power plants located 53 kilometers away, measuring their energy spectrum with unprecedented precision [2]. - Compared to international counterparts, JUNO's measurement of mass ordering is unaffected by terrestrial material effects and other unknown neutrino oscillation parameters, significantly improving the precision of three out of six neutrino oscillation parameters [2]. - The experiment will enable cutting-edge research on neutrinos from various sources, including the sun, supernovae, atmosphere, and Earth, and will open new avenues for exploring unknown physics, including searches for sterile neutrinos and proton decay [2]. Group 2 - The core detector of JUNO is a 20,000-ton liquid scintillator detector, situated in a 44-meter deep water pool, supported by a 41.1-meter diameter stainless steel mesh shell, housing numerous critical components including a 35.4-meter diameter acrylic sphere and thousands of photomultiplier tubes [4]. - The photomultiplier tubes work in unison to detect scintillation light produced by neutrino interactions with the liquid scintillator, converting it into electrical signals for output [4][6]. - JUNO is designed for a lifespan of 30 years and can later be upgraded to become the world's most sensitive experiment for neutrinoless double beta decay, which will probe the absolute mass of neutrinos and test whether they are Majorana particles, addressing key challenges in particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology [7].