江门中微子实验中心探测器有机玻璃球。 中微子被称为"幽灵粒子"，是宇宙中最轻且最难以捕捉的粒子之一。江门中微子实验是为探测这些"幽 灵粒子"而建设的大科学装置，于2025年8月26日正式运行取数。 2024年10月10日，江门中微子实验建设进入收官阶段，工人在安装中心探测器上的光电倍增管。 新华 社发 经过JUNO国际合作组十余年的设计和建设，JUNO成为国际上首个建成的新一代超大规模、超高精度 的中微子实验装置。JUNO在运行期间首批获取的数据显示，其探测器关键性能指标全面达到或超越设 计预期，表明JUNO已准备好开展中微子物理前沿研究。该探测器性能分析文章已提交《中国物理 C》，并于11月18日在预印本网站arXiv上发布。 实现前所未有的测量精度 在成果发布会现场，中国科学院院士、江门中微子实验项目经理和发言人王贻芳表示："江门中微子实 验能够在仅2个月的时间内完成如此高精度的测量，表明JUNO探测器的性能完全符合设计预期。其前 所未有的测量精度使我们可以很快确定中微子质量顺序，检验3种中微子振荡的框架，寻找超出此框架 的新物理。" 中微子是构成物质世界的基本粒子之一，其质量起源与重大宇宙学问题密切相关 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) has successfully completed the infusion of 20,000 tons of liquid scintillator and has officially begun data collection, aiming to address significant issues in particle physics over the next decade, particularly the mass ordering of neutrinos [1]. Group 1 - The JUNO detector is located 700 meters underground near Jiangmen, Guangdong, and can detect neutrinos from the Taishan and Yangjiang nuclear power plants located 53 kilometers away, measuring their energy spectrum with unprecedented precision [2]. - Compared to international counterparts, JUNO's measurement of mass ordering is unaffected by terrestrial material effects and other unknown neutrino oscillation parameters, significantly improving the precision of three out of six neutrino oscillation parameters [2]. - The experiment will enable cutting-edge research on neutrinos from various sources, including the sun, supernovae, atmosphere, and Earth, and will open new avenues for exploring unknown physics, including searches for sterile neutrinos and proton decay [2]. Group 2 - The core detector of JUNO is a 20,000-ton liquid scintillator detector, situated in a 44-meter deep water pool, supported by a 41.1-meter diameter stainless steel mesh shell, housing numerous critical components including a 35.4-meter diameter acrylic sphere and thousands of photomultiplier tubes [4]. - The photomultiplier tubes work in unison to detect scintillation light produced by neutrino interactions with the liquid scintillator, converting it into electrical signals for output [4][6]. - JUNO is designed for a lifespan of 30 years and can later be upgraded to become the world's most sensitive experiment for neutrinoless double beta decay, which will probe the absolute mass of neutrinos and test whether they are Majorana particles, addressing key challenges in particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology [7].