岁末回望，星河璀璨。2025年，中国科技以"极限"为尺，丈量认知疆域。 我们不仅是凝视星空的梦想家，更是重构物质、对话幽灵粒子、破译生命密码的创造者。这一年，中国 智慧以一系列原创性、颠覆性的重大突破，在宇宙、物质、生命与信息的秩序中，刻下了鲜明的中国印 记。不仅为中国高质量发展注入澎湃动能，也为全人类的文明进步贡献不可磨灭的东方力量。 星辰大海，逐梦前行。 ——编者 回望2025年，"人造太阳"的束流瞬间点亮，承载起人类探索"终极能源"的梦想；光电融合通信芯片问 世，为6G奠定了硬件基础；航天员安全往返天地间、国家太空实验室运行良好，飞天逐梦步履不停； 大桥飞架、高铁奔驰，远程手术隔空"操刀"、"云端教室"赋能山村课堂，民生保障更加有力；人工智 能、生物医药、机器人等一批标志性科技产品惊艳世界，24个全球创新集群入围全球百强，中国的创新 实力、综合竞争力得到越来越多的认可…… 放眼神州大地，以创新为主要引领和支撑的经济体系和发展模式正在形成，以科技创新为核心的全面创 新正在加快推进。这一年，在科技强国的征程上，我们又交出了一份令人满意的答卷。 原始创新标志性成果涌现，拓展认知边界 人们常用"薄如蝉翼"来形容 ...

转自：北京日报客户端 中微子究竟是什么？电影里那些关于世界末日的猜想，到底有没有科学依据？地下700米深处，竟然藏 着一个13层楼高的"星空"？粒子物理的世界，充满了问号与惊叹号。通过小小的粒子去探索大大的宇 宙，本期《开讲啦》邀请到中国科学院高能物理研究所所长、江门中微子实验副发言人曹俊，他将带领 我们深入地底，近距离感受历经十余年建设完成、最近刚刚"新鲜出炉"了首个物理成果的国之重器—— 江门中微子实验。快来领略中国科学家在粒子世界探索未知的风采！ 权威澄清：电影里 "中微子导致世界末日"的假设不成立 中微子，是构成物质世界最基本的粒子之一，在宇宙中无处不在。曹俊说，我们每个人每秒钟就会产生 五千个中微子。但中微子最大的特点是"不带电"，且几乎不跟物质发生相互作用，因此极难被探测到。 很多人是从电影中第一次听说"中微子"的。曹俊在现场做了权威科普：电影中太阳中微子爆发导致地球 过热的剧情，在现实中不可能发生。这正是由中微子"几乎不与物质相互作用"的特性决定的。即便太阳 在1秒钟之内将其全部能量以中微子形式爆发，也无法加热地球。 "世界第一"是最好的广告 中微子还有一个神奇的特性：它能在飞行中自发地从一种类 ...

Core Insights - The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) has achieved significant scientific results by measuring two parameters related to neutrino oscillation, improving precision by 1.5 to 1.8 times compared to previous experiments [1] - The experiment aims to support global research on neutrinos from various sources, including the sun, supernovae, atmosphere, and Earth, thereby facilitating breakthroughs in the field [1] Group 1: Research and Development - The JUNO project was proposed in 2008 and was officially established five years ahead of similar international projects, laying the foundation for China's leading position in neutrino research [2] - The experiment utilizes a core detector made of 20,000 tons of liquid scintillator housed in a giant acrylic sphere, located 700 meters underground, which is crucial for expanding human understanding of fundamental physics [1][2] Group 2: International Collaboration - The project involves over 700 researchers from 75 institutions across 17 countries, highlighting the importance of international cooperation in achieving significant scientific breakthroughs [3] - The success of the JUNO experiment is seen as a result of more than a decade of collaboration, emphasizing China's commitment to open innovation and global scientific resource integration [3] Group 3: Technological Advancements - Chinese scientists developed a photomultiplier tube with the highest photon detection efficiency globally, overcoming previous foreign monopolies and revitalizing related industries [2] - The advancements in technology and research capabilities are viewed as essential for achieving major original innovations and breakthroughs in key technologies [3]

Core Insights - The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) has successfully completed its construction and released its first scientific results, marking a significant advancement in neutrino research [3][4][6] - The experiment aims to explore the properties of neutrinos, particularly their mass hierarchy, which is crucial for understanding the universe's evolution and the mystery of matter-antimatter asymmetry [4][5][8] Summary by Sections Experiment Overview - JUNO is a next-generation neutrino experiment designed to study "ghost particles" known as neutrinos, which are fundamental to understanding cosmic evolution [3][4] - The facility is located 700 meters underground in Jiangmen, Guangdong, and features a large detector with a diameter of 35.4 meters, containing 20,000 tons of liquid scintillator, making it 20 times larger than similar international facilities [8][9] Scientific Achievements - The first physical results from JUNO, reported after analyzing 59 days of effective data, have improved the measurement precision of the solar neutrino oscillation parameters by 1.5 to 1.8 times compared to previous experiments [3][6] - The experiment confirmed the "solar neutrino anomaly," suggesting the existence of new physics beyond current understanding [3][4] Historical Context - The success of JUNO builds on the foundation laid by the Daya Bay Neutrino Experiment, which was pivotal in measuring the mixing parameter θ13 and achieving the highest precision in neutrino measurements before JUNO [6][7] - The Daya Bay experiment, initiated in 2006, led to significant breakthroughs in neutrino oscillation studies, paving the way for the current JUNO project [6][7] Future Prospects - JUNO's design life is projected to be 30 years, with expectations to expand its research scope beyond mass hierarchy to include solar and terrestrial neutrinos, and potentially detect neutrinos from supernovae [9] - The project involves over 700 researchers from 17 countries and aims to produce significant scientific breakthroughs and train the next generation of physicists [9]

Core Insights - The Jiangmen Neutrino Experiment has achieved significant scientific results by measuring two key parameters of neutrino oscillation with a precision improvement of 1.5 to 1.8 times compared to the previous best international levels, surpassing over a decade of efforts from similar foreign experiments [1][2] Group 1: Experiment Overview - The Jiangmen Neutrino Experiment, located 700 meters underground in Guangdong, officially began operations on August 26 and is the world's first next-generation large-scale, high-precision neutrino detection facility [1] - The core detector is equipped with 20,000 tons of liquid scintillator and 45,000 photomultiplier tubes, capable of capturing extremely weak neutrino signals [1] Group 2: Scientific Achievements - Researchers achieved breakthroughs in measuring the two key parameters of neutrino oscillation—mixing angle θ12 and mass-squared difference Δm²₂₁—using only 59 days of effective data from the device [1] - The experiment confirmed the long-standing discrepancy between reactor neutrino and solar neutrino measurements, providing clues for exploring new physical laws [2] Group 3: Future Prospects - The device has a designed lifespan of 30 years and can be upgraded to become the world's most sensitive experiment for neutrinoless double beta decay, exploring whether neutrinos are their own antiparticles [2] - The Jiangmen Neutrino Experiment is a model of international collaboration in large-scale basic scientific research, involving over 700 researchers from 75 institutions across 17 countries [2]

Core Insights - The Jiangmen Neutrino Experiment (JUNO) has achieved significant milestones in neutrino physics, measuring two key oscillation parameters with unprecedented precision, surpassing international standards by 1.5 to 1.8 times in just two months [5][6][7]. Group 1: Experiment Overview - The Jiangmen Neutrino Experiment is designed to detect neutrinos, often referred to as "ghost particles," and is set to officially begin data collection on August 26, 2025 [5][6]. - The experiment's core detector, located 700 meters underground, has a total mass of 20,000 tons and includes a 41.1-meter diameter stainless steel shell and a 35.4-meter diameter acrylic sphere [8][9]. - The project has been in development for over a decade, receiving support from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and international collaborations [10][11]. Group 2: Scientific Achievements - The first results from JUNO indicate that the detector's performance metrics have met or exceeded design expectations, enabling advanced research in neutrino physics [9][12]. - The experiment aims to determine the mass hierarchy of three types of neutrinos and to explore potential new physics beyond the current particle physics standard model [7][9][14]. - JUNO's measurements have confirmed discrepancies in previous solar neutrino experiments, suggesting the possibility of new physical laws [7][15]. Group 3: Future Implications - JUNO is expected to lead the field of neutrino physics for the coming years, with a design lifespan of 30 years and potential upgrades for further experiments [9][12]. - The experiment will not only focus on neutrino mass ordering but also on precise measurements of oscillation parameters and studies of solar, supernova, atmospheric, and terrestrial neutrinos [9][14]. - The research conducted at JUNO is anticipated to yield significant scientific contributions and foster the development of the next generation of physicists [12][14].

Core Insights - The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) has achieved its first physical results, measuring two parameters related to neutrino oscillation with an accuracy improved by 1.5 to 1.8 times compared to previous experiments [2][3] - The JUNO project, proposed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2008, officially commenced operations on August 26, 2023, and is recognized as the world's first large-scale, high-precision neutrino experiment [2] - The project involves over 700 researchers from 75 institutions across 17 countries and regions, showcasing China's commitment to international scientific collaboration [2] Project Details - The JUNO collaboration has successfully analyzed data from August 26 to November 2, 2023, leading to the high-precision measurement of solar neutrino oscillation parameters [3] - The performance of the JUNO detector has met or exceeded design expectations, allowing for rapid determination of neutrino mass ordering and testing of the three types of neutrino oscillation frameworks [3] - The success of JUNO is seen as a significant milestone reflecting the dedication and creativity of the international team involved in the project [3]

Core Insights - The Jiangmen Neutrino Experiment has achieved significant advancements in measuring neutrino oscillation parameters, improving precision by 1.5 to 1.8 times compared to previous experiments [3][5][6] - This experiment is crucial for understanding the mass hierarchy of neutrinos, which are fundamental particles that play a key role in the evolution of the universe [5][6] Group 1: Experiment Overview - The Jiangmen Neutrino Experiment is located 700 meters underground in Jiangmen, Guangdong, and has been operational for two months, yielding promising results [3][4] - The experiment's core detector consists of a giant acrylic sphere containing 20,000 tons of liquid scintillator, making it the largest of its kind globally, enhancing detection capabilities significantly [6][7] Group 2: Scientific Significance - The experiment aims to capture elusive neutrinos, often referred to as "ghost particles," which are challenging to detect due to their extremely small mass and minimal interaction with matter [5][6] - The project is expected to contribute to groundbreaking scientific discoveries and foster collaboration with global scientists to produce impactful research outcomes [7]

Core Viewpoint - The Jiangmen Neutrino Experiment, a major scientific facility operated by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has officially commenced operations and achieved its first significant research result: the confirmation of the existence of solar neutrino oscillation deviations [1] Summary by Categories Scientific Achievements - The experiment confirmed the existence of solar neutrino deviations by analyzing data from 59 days of reactor neutrino observations [1] - Two oscillation parameters were measured, enhancing the precision of the measurements [1] Research Objectives - The primary scientific goal of the experiment is to address the neutrino mass ordering problem, which could open new avenues for exploring unknown aspects of the physical world [1]

Core Insights - The Jiangmen Neutrino Experiment has successfully measured two parameters describing neutrino oscillation with a precision 1.5-1.8 times better than previous experiments, marking a significant advancement in neutrino research [1][2] - The experiment's performance has met or exceeded design expectations, bringing humanity closer to determining the mass hierarchy of neutrinos [1] Group 1: Experiment Overview - The Jiangmen Neutrino Experiment is designed to capture "ghost particles" known as neutrinos, utilizing a detector that contains 20,000 tons of liquid scintillator housed in the world's largest organic glass sphere, increasing the volume by 20 times compared to existing facilities [2] - The experiment has been operational for two months, analyzing data from August 26 to November 2, totaling 59 days of effective data collection [1] Group 2: Scientific Significance - Neutrinos are fundamental particles that play a crucial role in understanding the evolution of the universe, yet they are extremely difficult to detect due to their minuscule mass and weak interaction with matter [1] - The project team aims to collaborate closely with global scientists to produce original scientific results with significant impact [3]