Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the collaboration between the Atyrau region of Kazakhstan and local enterprises in Ningxia, China, focusing on desertification prevention efforts [1][2] - The China-Central Asia Desertification Prevention Cooperation Center was established in July 2023, marking the beginning of cooperative efforts in desertification control with Central Asian countries [1][2] - Atyrau region, which has approximately 65% of its land affected by desertification and significant salinization issues, is seeking to implement large-scale projects in collaboration with Ningxia [2] Group 2 - The Atyrau government expressed a strong desire for cooperation after a delegation visited Ningxia to study desertification prevention work [2] - Three local companies in Ningxia signed memorandums of cooperation with the Atyrau government, focusing on desertification prevention, urban drainage system renovation, and wastewater treatment plant upgrades [2] - The Atyrau region faces severe challenges, with about 40% of its agricultural land affected by varying degrees of salinization, highlighting the urgency of the collaboration [2]