"两山"理念的四川实践 ●从长江黄河上游的生态担当到清洁能源的西部标杆，从公园城市的山水共生到民族地区的绿色 共富，从市场机制的价值转化到数智技术的绿色动能，四川的"两山"实践彰显保护即发展的辩证 智慧，为美丽中国建设提供了兼具地方特色和全局意义的解题方案——守护绿水青山，终得金山 银山；致力向绿而行，方能永续发展 智绿生金，推动科技驱动生态治理。科技赋能是提升"两山"转化效能的强大杠杆，其核心在于以 数智化手段破解传统治理瓶颈，提升生态系统保护效率，并为生态产业运营提供核心驱动力。四 川依托科技创新优势，构建了"数字治理+生态增值+价值转化"全链条科技赋能体系，形成科技驱 动"两山"转化的新模式。建成覆盖全省的实景三维数据库，率先试点自然资源确权"三维登记"， 通过自然资源资产数字化确权，实现生态资源可量化、可交易。在大熊猫国家公园应用"卫星遥感 +无人机+AI识别"智能监测系统，实时观测栖息地变化，并预警森林火灾。都江堰渠首数字孪生 系统大幅缩短了洪涝预警响应时间，提高了水资源利用率。创新开发"空天地"一体化生态碳汇评 估平台，构建覆盖四川全域碳汇资源动态监测体系，实现碳汇精准计量。 逐绿向新，促进新质生 ...

Group 1 - The third Yungding River Green Development Forum focused on ecological civilization construction and the "Two Mountains" theory, promoting collaboration among various regions [1][2] - The Mentougou District has implemented a strategy of "ecological district, cultural prosperity, and technological strength," achieving a forest coverage rate of 48.64% and a PM2.5 concentration reduction from 36 µg/m³ in 2019 to 28.6 µg/m³ in 2024 [1][2] - The district's ecological system service value reached 35.97 billion yuan in 2024, an increase of 221 million yuan from the previous year, ranking first among Beijing's ecological conservation areas [1] Group 2 - Mentougou District is developing cultural tourism brands and has achieved a historic urban-rural income ratio of below 2 in 2024, while also focusing on high-tech industries such as artificial intelligence and medical devices [2] - A collaborative initiative called the "Two Mountains" friendship circle was launched, involving multiple districts and regions to enhance cooperation in ecological protection, green industries, and biodiversity [2][3] - The district aims to transform ecological advantages into economic and social benefits, sharing experiences and building mechanisms for sustainable development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region [3]

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of Xiong'an New Area has led to significant ecological improvements, particularly in Baiyangdian, showcasing a successful model of ecological governance and urban development [1] Group 1: Ecological Governance - Baiyangdian has undergone the largest systematic ecological governance in its history since the establishment of Xiong'an New Area [1] - The water quality in Baiyangdian has consistently maintained a level of Class III for several years, ranking it among the good lakes in the country [1] - The area has transformed into a "bird paradise," with lush greenery and vibrant lotus flowers [1] Group 2: Urban Development Philosophy - The urban development philosophy of Xiong'an New Area emphasizes "planting trees first, then building cities" [1] - The ecological vision includes accessibility to nature, with plans for "3 kilometers into the forest, 1 kilometer into the forest belt, and 300 meters into parks" [1] - This vision is becoming a tangible reality for the local residents, enhancing their quality of life [1]

Core Viewpoint - Fujian Province aims to establish a comprehensive ecological protection and governance framework from mountains to oceans, aligning with the national goal of building a beautiful China, as outlined in the recent policy document issued by the provincial government [1]. Summary by Sections Overall Requirements - The policy document sets ambitious targets for ecological and economic development, aiming for significant improvements in ecological quality by 2027 and the establishment of a comprehensive governance framework by 2030 [1]. Main Tasks - The document outlines 24 specific tasks focusing on "eight coordinations" and "eight major projects," including optimizing land-sea development, enhancing urban-rural collaboration, and promoting green low-carbon industrial upgrades [2][3]. Specific Initiatives - **Green and Clean Agriculture**: By 2027, the safety utilization rate of contaminated farmland is targeted to reach 95%, with a focus on resource recycling and the promotion of green agricultural products [3]. - **Pollution and Carbon Reduction**: The aim is to achieve a 40% completion rate for beautiful parks by 2027 and to implement green renovations in urban and rural housing [3]. - **Water Resource Management**: By 2030, the ecological water demand satisfaction rate for key rivers and lakes is expected to reach 85%, with a focus on comprehensive water environment governance [4]. - **Marine and Coastal Protection**: The document sets a goal for 50% of beautiful bays to be established by 2027, emphasizing the need for integrated pollution control in coastal areas [4]. Organizational Implementation - The document emphasizes the integration of these goals into the "14th Five-Year" plans across various sectors, encouraging local governments to tailor their strategies to regional characteristics [4]. Background and Achievements - Fujian has been recognized as the first provincial-level ecological civilization pilot zone and has made significant strides in sustainable development, achieving 4.3% of the national economic output with only 3% of the population and land [5].

Core Insights - The article highlights the successful transformation of 2,690 acres of desert land into a green oasis in Baolin Gacha, Tongliao City, as part of the comprehensive desertification control efforts in the Khorchin Sandy Land [1][2] - The "Five Ten Million" project aims to implement a systematic approach to ecological restoration over eight years, covering a total of 35,900,800 acres [2][3] - The project includes various initiatives such as improving forest quality, enhancing grassland, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices to combat desertification and improve local ecosystems [2][3][4] Group 1 - The Khorchin Sandy Land spans approximately 99.5 million acres, with Tongliao City accounting for 55.2% of the sandy area, which has historically faced severe desertification issues [1] - Since 1978, Tongliao has implemented multiple ecological projects, achieving a total of 20.66 million acres of desertified land restoration by 2022, resulting in increased forest coverage and grassland vegetation [1][2] - The "Five Ten Million" project is not limited to desertification control but encompasses a holistic approach to managing mountains, water, forests, farmland, lakes, grasslands, and deserts [2][3] Group 2 - The project aims to increase the vegetation coverage of degraded grasslands from 35% to over 65%, potentially increasing grass yield by 50% [3] - As of now, the city has completed 2.52 million acres of desertification control, 3.69 million acres of forest quality improvement, and 4.57 million acres of grassland enhancement [4] - By 2030, the project is expected to steadily increase forest coverage and grassland vegetation, achieving 100% high-standard farmland construction in sandy areas, with an annual increase of 8% in per capita disposable income for residents [4]

Core Insights - The article highlights the proactive measures taken by the People's Bank of China in Xilin Gol League to promote green finance and support desertification control efforts in the region [1][2][4] Group 1: Financial Support for Desertification Control - The People's Bank of China in Xilin Gol League has established a "financial desertification control" service team to provide comprehensive support to local enterprises, including product introduction and specialized credit support [2] - A total of 12 million yuan in loans has been provided to local companies like Inner Mongolia Guohua Landscape Greening Co., Ltd., enabling the cultivation of over 10 million saplings for desertification control [2] - As of the first quarter of 2025, the total loan balance for ecological protection and restoration in the league reached 2.043 billion yuan, with 585 million yuan specifically for ecological restoration projects [2] Group 2: Green Transformation in Agriculture - The introduction of a new feeding model in Sunite Left Banner has improved the ecological environment and increased the income of local herders, supported by credit from Postal Savings Bank [3] - The People's Bank of China has developed a "green finance + desertification control + credit linkage + industrial revitalization" model to assist herders in transitioning to more sustainable practices [3] - By the end of May, 24 banners and 127 villages had received credit support, benefiting over 2,760 herding households [3] Group 3: Support for Under-forest Economy - The promotion of under-forest planting of medicinal herbs like red peony has been identified as a method to prevent soil erosion and combat desertification [4] - The People's Bank of China has facilitated a 4 million yuan low-interest loan to support the expansion of red peony cultivation to over 5,000 acres [4] - As of the first quarter of 2025, the loan balance for ecological agriculture and forestry in the league reached 480 million yuan, with an additional 9.3417 million yuan in new loans during the year [4] Group 4: Product Innovation in Financial Services - The introduction of specialized financial products such as "Windbreak and Desertification Control Loan" has been instrumental in supporting local projects [6] - The People's Bank of China has guided local financial institutions to innovate and launch various financial products to support ecological governance [6] - The use of the "Agricultural Bank Smart Chain" app has enabled precise financial support for ecological restoration projects, including a 6.1 million yuan loan for forest land restoration [6]

Group 1 - The core theme of this year's International Day for the Prevention of Dust Storms is "Preventing Dust Disasters, Jointly Protecting the Blue Sky," aimed at raising global awareness of the health and environmental challenges posed by dust storms [1] - China has made significant progress in combating desertification, having restored 365 million acres of desertified land over the past decade [5] - The "Three-North" project has preserved 48 million acres of afforestation, rehabilitated 128 million acres of degraded grasslands, and controlled 67 million acres of soil erosion, effectively protecting 45 million acres of farmland [3] Group 2 - The World Meteorological Organization reports that dust storms are increasingly causing health and economic losses, with global dust concentrations expected to remain high in severely affected areas [6] - Approximately 2 billion tons of dust enter the atmosphere annually, with over 80% originating from deserts in North Africa and the Middle East [6] - Climate change is exacerbating land degradation and desertification, leading to the emergence of new dust sources [6] Group 3 - International experts commend China's effective land management strategies in combating dust storms, highlighting the establishment of green belts at the edges of deserts as a successful example [7] - China's afforestation efforts have significantly improved the living environment and helped mitigate the risks associated with dust storms [7]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of water source protection and ecological conservation in Beijing's Miyun District, highlighting successful initiatives that balance environmental protection with rural development [1][3]. Group 1: Water Source Protection Initiatives - Miyun District has implemented a series of plans to ensure the safety of the Miyun Reservoir's water quality, maintaining it at a stable national Class II standard [1]. - The establishment of the Beijing No. 024 Science and Technology Institute in 2019 has led to significant advancements in water source protection and pollution prevention, particularly in the Black Mountain Temple Village [1][2]. Group 2: Technological Innovations - Experts have developed key technologies, including the use of reed plants for wetland restoration and a sewage purification process utilizing chestnut shell biochar, resulting in a demonstration project capable of treating 15 tons of wastewater daily [2]. - The implementation of efficient pollution control models, such as "Mulberry + Wild Buffalo Grass" and "Scutellaria + Wild Buffalo Grass," has improved soil and water conservation capabilities [2]. Group 3: Environmental and Economic Outcomes - The initiatives have led to the resource utilization of agricultural waste and compliance with wastewater treatment standards, significantly improving the village's appearance and environmental quality [3]. - Training and outreach programs have enhanced local residents' skills and engagement in ecological protection, fostering the development of green organic agriculture and eco-tourism [3]. - Black Mountain Temple Village has received accolades such as "UN Sustainable Development Demonstration Village" and "Beijing Beautiful Leisure Village," showcasing its role as a model for pollution prevention [3].

Core Viewpoint - The comprehensive governance of the Mulian River has transformed it from a flood-prone area into a model of ecological civilization, supported by financial institutions and government initiatives [1][2][3]. Group 1: Ecological Environment Governance - The People's Bank of China in Putian has implemented a mechanism combining policy guidance and financial support to promote green finance, resulting in a total credit of 176.83 billion yuan for 24 projects in the Mulian River basin [2]. - The financial support includes 78 billion yuan for flood control projects and a planned 600 billion yuan for comprehensive governance during the 14th Five-Year Plan [2]. - The rural sewage treatment project in Xianyou County has received approximately 120 million yuan in loans, significantly improving water quality and living conditions [3]. Group 2: Cultural Tourism Development - The improvement of the ecological environment has led to new opportunities for cultural tourism, with significant financial backing for projects like the Sihua Country Park and other ecological construction projects totaling over 3.2 billion yuan [4]. - The financing for the cultural tourism sector reached 9.582 billion yuan by the end of April, showing a year-on-year increase of 4.20% [4]. Group 3: Industrial Quality Upgrade - The tea industry in Jinxikou Village has seen substantial growth, with over 6,500 tons of tea produced annually, supported by financial products like the "Huinong e-loan," which has a balance of 4.342 billion yuan [5][6]. - The financial institutions are actively promoting green industry development and supporting traditional industries in transitioning to low-carbon models, with a total financing balance of 112.01 billion yuan for key industries, reflecting an 8.71% year-on-year growth [6].

Core Viewpoint - The "Two Major" construction initiative in China is accelerating, focusing on both "hard investment" and "soft construction" to support economic growth and high-quality development [1][2][7] Group 1: "Two Major" Construction Overview - The "Two Major" construction includes significant projects like the sand fixation project in Ningxia, which spans approximately 153 kilometers and is part of the "Three North" project [1] - In 2024, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) plans to allocate 700 billion yuan in special long-term bonds for 1,465 "Two Major" construction projects [1] - This year, over 800 billion yuan has been allocated for "Two Major" construction projects, with the third batch for 2025 recently announced [2] Group 2: Hard Investment and Economic Growth - The "hard investment" aspect of the "Two Major" construction includes 800 billion yuan covering 1,459 projects in areas such as ecological restoration and major infrastructure [3] - The construction of the Chongtai Yangtze River Tunnel, a key project in the Shanghai-Chongqing Railway, is progressing rapidly, with a current excavation speed of 20 to 28 meters per day [4] - Infrastructure investment has shown a year-on-year growth of 5.6% from January to May, contributing significantly to overall investment growth [6] Group 3: Soft Construction Initiatives - The "soft construction" initiatives focus on reform and innovation in key areas, such as optimizing financing models for railways and enhancing urban underground infrastructure management [3][7] - Various regions are implementing innovative models for services, such as the development of inclusive childcare services in Shenzhen, which combines public and private resources [8] - The integration of "soft construction" with "hard investment" is seen as essential for maximizing comprehensive benefits and ensuring sustainable project outcomes [9]