▌周乾 著 我国古代把农历大年初一叫"元旦"。自清雍正朝起，皇帝会在每年元旦日举行"明窗开笔饮屠苏"的贺岁 仪式。"守岁"之后，新年第一天的子时，在爆竹声中，皇帝行完拈香礼，便会到养心殿前殿西次间，坐 在靠近窗户的紫檀长案前，亲自往金瓯永固杯中斟上屠苏酒，饮尽杯中酒后，开笔写下祝福新年的吉 语。 清帝饮屠苏酒还有多种讲究，例如在"明窗开笔"仪式上喝屠苏酒，必须要在新年的子时时分，寓意新 年、新月、新日、新时开始；饮酒时要面朝东方，寓意迎接新的朝阳。 大年初一，皇帝还要在太和殿举行"新年团拜会"，也就是"大朝"。皇家"团拜会"的流程是怎样的呢？ 当日天色将明时，王公百官便会在午门外集合，由礼部官员引导，按文东武西的次序，穿过金水桥和太 和门，进入太和殿广场，按照正、从一品到九品的品级顺序就位等候。在中和韶乐的伴奏声中，皇帝先 在中和殿接受内廷事务官员的参拜，然后在太和殿升座。此时，站在太和殿台阶下的鸣鞭校尉鸣鞭三 响，宣表官手捧表文与两位大学士来到太和殿下正中，面向皇帝下跪，宣读皇帝颁布的新年贺词，祈望 来年国泰民安。随后，皇帝赐群臣入座饮茶，互贺新年。这时仅仅是王公勋爵可以进太和殿就座，其他 官员只能在殿外的 ...

Core Viewpoint - The lecture focuses on the customs of celebrating the New Year (元日) in Chang'an during the Tang Dynasty, highlighting the rich cultural practices and the significance of this traditional festival in Chinese history [4][29]. Group 1: Official Ceremonies and Customs - The New Year in the Tang Dynasty, known as 元日, was celebrated with elaborate official ceremonies and rituals, starting from the eve of the New Year [4][5]. - The New Year morning court was a grand event where officials presented their respects to the emperor, who reciprocated with a banquet and performances [5][6]. - The customs included a variety of performances, such as the傩戏, which evolved from a ritual to a form of entertainment [4][5]. Group 2: Family and Social Customs - Family reunions were a central theme during the New Year, with traditions such as staying awake on New Year's Eve (守岁) to welcome the new year [11][13]. - The practice of visiting friends and relatives to exchange New Year greetings became a popular custom in Chang'an, reflecting social relationships [14][15]. - The holiday also included a seven-day break for officials, emphasizing the importance of the New Year in the social calendar [10]. Group 3: Food and Drink Traditions - Traditional foods played a significant role in the New Year celebrations, with屠苏酒 being a prominent drink believed to ward off evil and promote health [17][18]. - The custom of preparing and sharing special dishes, such as the五辛盘, was common, symbolizing the welcoming of the new year [19][20]. - The practice of inviting neighbors for meals after the New Year was known as '传座', fostering community bonds [20]. Group 4: Cultural Significance and Poetry - The New Year was not only a time for celebration but also a period for poets to express their feelings about the arrival of spring and the renewal of life [23][24]. - Tang poetry often captured the essence of the New Year, reflecting the cultural significance of the festival and its connection to nature [25][26]. - The customs and poetry surrounding the New Year contributed to the development of the modern Spring Festival, showcasing the continuity of cultural practices [29].